What are the factors affecting location of textiles?
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the geographical factors influencing the textile ... - Shodhganga The natural or physical factors like geographical location, climate, water, availability of raw material and economic factors like power, fuel, market, transport, labour-supply etc.
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Six geo-economic factors on which the localization of cotton textile industry depends are as follows: 1. Climate 2. Power 3. Raw Material 4. Labour 5. Transport 6. Markets.
1. Climate:
Climate exercises the most powerful influence on cotton industry. Cotton yarn cannot be spun successfully under dry conditions. The humidity of the atmosphere must be considerable; otherwise the yarn breaks constantly during the process of spinning. The localization of the cotton spinning industry in UK has clearly been determined by climatic factors.
It must be noted that so far as this climatic factor (humid atmosphere) is concerned, it has been overcome by the installation of ‘humidifiers’ in the cotton mills in dry areas. Thus, places far in the interior with dry climate, like Kanpur in India, in the summer months are able to carry on spinning independent of climate. Only the process of humidification raises slightly the cost of production.
Another climatic factor in the localization of cotton industry is an abundant supply of water. Water is needed in so many operations connected with the industry. Water is necessary for use in the condensers of the steam engines, and in the numerous washing operations of the industry.
The influence of this factor can be seen in the location of cotton mills in Lancashire along streams or canals.
2. Power:
Like any other industry cotton textile industry also requires constant and cheap sources of power. Most of the industries are located near sources of power. Earlier cotton textile industry was based on power obtained from coal; this can be seen in UK where all the cotton textile industry was established near coal mines. But afterwards hydropower has also been used and now all sources of power are being utilised in this industry.
3. Raw Material:
A historical analysis of the locational pattern reveals that, at its earlier period of growth, textile mills were developed near raw material sources, because at that time transportation system was ill developed. Away from the cotton-growing region, availability of raw cotton was also very low.
Naturally, due to higher demand, price of raw cotton was high at the distant places. But in its second phase of development, rapid progress of transportation system facilitated easy accessibility within the region.
At that time, price of raw cotton became same, both near the raw material source and the market. Naturally, market became the favorite site for plant location. The importance of raw material gradually lost its previous importance.
4. Labour:
Basically, cotton textile industry was a labour-intensive industry. The early history of localisation in any country shows that development of cotton textile industry was a pre-requisite.
The need of clothing and requirement of low level of technology enabled the entrepreneurs to set up the industry. Minimum level of training was enough for the labourers to be acquainted with the production system.
At that time, wage rate of the labours was also very low. The wage rate of the labour was an important consideration for the location. A slight hike of the wage rate made a lot of difference between one place and another. For example, New England textile centres in USA shifted towards Piedmont because of the prevailing wage rate.
5. Transport:
Easy means of transportation are needed for all industries, and particularly for cotton, the product of which is cheap and for which the market is sometimes situated thousands of miles away. It is an interesting fact that all the leading cotton mill centres – unlike iron and steel industry – cater to distant markets.
The effect of cheap transport can be easily seen in the opening of the Manchester Ship Canal. Easy means of communication, in importing machinery and coal by sea, getting raw cotton by rail, and disposing of the finished product to inland and foreign markets, have also been the dominating factors in localising the cotton industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat.
6. Markets:
Markets are a very potent factor in the location of the cotton industry. It has been one of the important factors in the growth of the British cotton industry. Britain’s political influence over its colonies, particularly India, and the economic influence through investments, obtained for its large markets, the increasing demand from which naturally gave the British cotton industry an impetus which was denied to others.
The weakening of this influence in later years has been the cause of the declining position of the British cotton industry. The cotton textile industry that developed in Japan and China as well as in other countries has both inland and world-wide markets.
You can make it short and write it as Ur convenience
1. Climate:
Climate exercises the most powerful influence on cotton industry. Cotton yarn cannot be spun successfully under dry conditions. The humidity of the atmosphere must be considerable; otherwise the yarn breaks constantly during the process of spinning. The localization of the cotton spinning industry in UK has clearly been determined by climatic factors.
It must be noted that so far as this climatic factor (humid atmosphere) is concerned, it has been overcome by the installation of ‘humidifiers’ in the cotton mills in dry areas. Thus, places far in the interior with dry climate, like Kanpur in India, in the summer months are able to carry on spinning independent of climate. Only the process of humidification raises slightly the cost of production.
Another climatic factor in the localization of cotton industry is an abundant supply of water. Water is needed in so many operations connected with the industry. Water is necessary for use in the condensers of the steam engines, and in the numerous washing operations of the industry.
The influence of this factor can be seen in the location of cotton mills in Lancashire along streams or canals.
2. Power:
Like any other industry cotton textile industry also requires constant and cheap sources of power. Most of the industries are located near sources of power. Earlier cotton textile industry was based on power obtained from coal; this can be seen in UK where all the cotton textile industry was established near coal mines. But afterwards hydropower has also been used and now all sources of power are being utilised in this industry.
3. Raw Material:
A historical analysis of the locational pattern reveals that, at its earlier period of growth, textile mills were developed near raw material sources, because at that time transportation system was ill developed. Away from the cotton-growing region, availability of raw cotton was also very low.
Naturally, due to higher demand, price of raw cotton was high at the distant places. But in its second phase of development, rapid progress of transportation system facilitated easy accessibility within the region.
At that time, price of raw cotton became same, both near the raw material source and the market. Naturally, market became the favorite site for plant location. The importance of raw material gradually lost its previous importance.
4. Labour:
Basically, cotton textile industry was a labour-intensive industry. The early history of localisation in any country shows that development of cotton textile industry was a pre-requisite.
The need of clothing and requirement of low level of technology enabled the entrepreneurs to set up the industry. Minimum level of training was enough for the labourers to be acquainted with the production system.
At that time, wage rate of the labours was also very low. The wage rate of the labour was an important consideration for the location. A slight hike of the wage rate made a lot of difference between one place and another. For example, New England textile centres in USA shifted towards Piedmont because of the prevailing wage rate.
5. Transport:
Easy means of transportation are needed for all industries, and particularly for cotton, the product of which is cheap and for which the market is sometimes situated thousands of miles away. It is an interesting fact that all the leading cotton mill centres – unlike iron and steel industry – cater to distant markets.
The effect of cheap transport can be easily seen in the opening of the Manchester Ship Canal. Easy means of communication, in importing machinery and coal by sea, getting raw cotton by rail, and disposing of the finished product to inland and foreign markets, have also been the dominating factors in localising the cotton industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat.
6. Markets:
Markets are a very potent factor in the location of the cotton industry. It has been one of the important factors in the growth of the British cotton industry. Britain’s political influence over its colonies, particularly India, and the economic influence through investments, obtained for its large markets, the increasing demand from which naturally gave the British cotton industry an impetus which was denied to others.
The weakening of this influence in later years has been the cause of the declining position of the British cotton industry. The cotton textile industry that developed in Japan and China as well as in other countries has both inland and world-wide markets.
You can make it short and write it as Ur convenience
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