Question

what are the features of ecosystem​

Answer 1

Answer:

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(1) ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍ ɪɴ ᴇᴄᴏsʏsᴛᴇᴍ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛs ᴡɪᴛʜᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ᴀ ᴠᴀʀɪᴇᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴡᴀʏs;

(2) ʟɪᴠɪɴɢ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍs ᴀʀᴇ ɪɴғʟᴜᴇɴᴄᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴘʜʏsɪᴄᴀʟ ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛ;

(3) ᴀʟʟ ʟɪᴠɪɴɢ ᴛʜɪɴɢs ɪɴ ᴀɴ ᴇᴄᴏsʏsᴛᴇᴍ ᴀʀᴇ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴜɴɪᴛʏ;

(4) ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪsᴍ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴄᴏsʏsᴛᴇᴍ ʜᴀs ɪᴛs ᴏᴡɴ ʀᴏʟᴇ.

Answer 2

Ecosystem is an integrated system of nature which includes overall purview-physical, biotic and human aspects of the earth and or the space and may be known as the independent study of the inaction between the living organisms and non-living properties of the earth. Thus, the ecosystem refers to the study of the interactions among all segments of the environment or the nature.

Many specialists have defined the ecosystem with some minor differences which are as follows:

(1) “Ecosystems are, therefore, unities of organisms connected to one another and to their environment.”

(2) “The ecosystem is thus the sum of all natural organisms and substances within an area, and it can be viewed as a basic example of an open system in physical geography.”

(3) “An ecosystem is any spatial or organisational unit which includes living organisms and non-living substances interacting to produce and exchange of materials between the living and non- living parts.”

Features of Ecosystem:

An ecosystem possesses the main features as given below ;

(i) Ecosystem, related to particular place and time, represents the sum of all natural organisms whether living or non-living of that area.

(ii) The organisation of ecosystem includes three factors;

(a) energy factors;

(b) biotic factors; and

(c) a biotic factors.

(iii) Ecosystem has a certain spatial dimension and relates itself with a certain space or land surface.

(iv) Ecosystem is studied in terms of time units that relates it to temporal dimension.

(v) There are interactions between the organisational factors- energy, biotic and baiotic.

(vi) Ecosystem is an open and automatic system where all segments of the environment participate in the investment process of inputs and the output.

(vii) There is no any mismanagement in the entire ecological system. Its all parts work within their limits in a balanced way.

(viii) Ecosystem is a natural source management and a monistic concept (hypothetical concept).

(ix) The whole ecosystem is undertaken from the energy of different type, but the solar energy is most important.

Sources of Energy (Diving Forces)

Components of an Ecosystem:

Ecosystem has an automatic and natural system which has a specific organisational and structural set up. Ecosystem is constituted from three main factors namely- Energy or power, Biotic factors and a biotic factors. These very factors constitute what we call an organisational set up of an ecosystem.

There are:

(1) Energy or Power:

The whole ecosystem is undertaken from the energy of different type – solar power, man power and fuel power including electricity. But solar power is most important which is the natural energy and provides different type of driving force to all other segments-plants and man.

(2) Biotic Factors:

The biotic factors of the ecosystem consists of all living organisms found on the earth.

These group of factors can be classified into three forms:

(i) Consumers,

(ii) Producers and

(iii) Decomposers or Assimilators.

i. Consumers:

The consumers as the segments of the ecosystem depend on the plants (producers) for food and energy either directly or indirectly. These living organisms are animals and men who belong to this category. The groups of herbivores are primary consumers who directly depend on green plants. The group of carnivores are secondary consumers who indirectly depend on green plants, as they depend on herbivores for their food. Tertiary consumers are those carnivores who depend for their food on the other groups of carnivores.

ii. Producers:

Plants and trees are said to be the producers on the earth. They use solar energy with other nutrients from the earth and produce fresh oxygen and food for the life of animals. Plants also help to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. These living organisms, so called producers, give some positive contribution to the ecosystem.

iii. Decomposers:

These living organisms-producers and consumers release a lot of waste during their life. Their dead body when they die becomes a waste on the earth. Micro organisms like bacteria, fungi, etc. play a role as a decomposer on the earth. Consuming this waste, they regenerate the energy out of the waste and back it into the ecosystem.

(3) Abiotic or Physical Factors:

Abiotic or physical factors are concerned with the non-living elements found on the earth. In fact, these factors are so important to determine the life of the organisms on the different parts of the earth.

These are the factors-

i. Temperature:

ii. Topography:

iii. Water:

iv. Air:

v. Light: