Question

❄️What are the five forms of power sharing in detail ?
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Answer 1

Answer:

In modern democracies, power-sharing arrangements can take many forms –

(i) Among different organs of government : Power is shared among the legislature,executive and judiciary. This is called horizontal distribution of power because it allows the three organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Each organ checks the others, no organ can exercise unlimited power.

(ii) Among governments at different levels :Here power is shared among governments at the provincial or regional level and a general government for the entire country, called Federal Government. In India, we call it Central or Union Government. In India, the government at the provincial level is called State government. The Constitution clearly lays down powers of different levels of government. The third level of government is called municipality and panchayat. This arrangement is called vertical division of power.

(iii) Among different social groups : Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as the religious and linguistic groups. For example, Community Government in Belgium. In India, weaker sections of society have ‘reserved constituencies’ in Assemblies and the Parliament. They also have ‘reserved seats’ in government jobs.

(iv) Among political parties, pressure groups and movements :

Power is shared among various political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Interest groups such as those of traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers and individual workers also have share in governmental power, either through participation in governmental committees or bringing influence on the decision making process.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Explanation:

Power-sharing is a vital ingredient of any constitution. Power-sharing makes sure that there is an optimum balance between different sections in the society. Each and every state should have some forms of power-sharing. The chances of controversies and opportunity to every citizen increases. Power-sharing has its own value in a democracy. This ensures the stability of political order.

Forms of power-sharing

There are different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies which are listed below

Horizontal distribution of power

Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.

Example – India This distribution ensures that none of the organs can exercise and utilise unlimited power.

Each and every organ keeps an eye on the others.

This system of arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.

Vertical distribution of power

Power can be shared among governments at different levels.

A general central government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or state and regional level.

Example – India Union Government that is central government & State Government.

Community government

Power can also be shared among different socially active groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.

Example – Belgium

Power-sharing between political parties, pressure groups and movements

This kind of power-sharing competition ensures that power does not remain in one single hand.

For longer duration, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.