What are the functional components of an ecosystem?
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Four Basic Components of an Ecosystem
By Andrea Becker; Updated April 23, 2018

Ecosystems represent the interconnected nature of living organisms and their world. An ecosystem could be as small as a drop of pond water or as big as the Amazon rainforest. When you think about what makes an ecosystem function, the critical concepts revolve around the organic and inorganic components and their interactions with each other. The concept of an ecosystem is a jumping-off point for the study of many of the more complex behavioral and biological interactions that make up an ecological system.
Abiotic Components
The abiotic components of an ecosystem are all of the nonliving elements. They include the water, the air, the temperature and the rocks and minerals that make up the soil. Abiotic components of an ecosystem might include how much rain falls on it, whether it is fresh water or salt water, how much sun it gets or how often it freezes and thaws. The biotic components of the ecosystem both live on and interact with the abiotic components.
Producers at the Base
Producers are the living organisms in the ecosystem that take in energy from sunlight and use it to transform carbon dioxide and oxygen into sugars. Plants, algae and photosynthetic bacteria are all examples of producers. Producers form the base of the food web and are generally the largest group in the ecosystem by weight, or biomass. They also act as an interface with the abiotic components of the ecosystem during nutrient cycles as they incorporate inorganic carbon and nitrogen from the atmosphere.
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Energy
Astronomy
Biology
Nature
Geology
Electronics
Chemistry
Physics
Math
Sciencing Shop
Home »
Nature
Four Basic Components of an Ecosystem
By Andrea Becker; Updated April 23, 2018

Ecosystems represent the interconnected nature of living organisms and their world. An ecosystem could be as small as a drop of pond water or as big as the Amazon rainforest. When you think about what makes an ecosystem function, the critical concepts revolve around the organic and inorganic components and their interactions with each other. The concept of an ecosystem is a jumping-off point for the study of many of the more complex behavioral and biological interactions that make up an ecological system.
Abiotic Components
The abiotic components of an ecosystem are all of the nonliving elements. They include the water, the air, the temperature and the rocks and minerals that make up the soil. Abiotic components of an ecosystem might include how much rain falls on it, whether it is fresh water or salt water, how much sun it gets or how often it freezes and thaws. The biotic components of the ecosystem both live on and interact with the abiotic components.
Producers at the Base
Producers are the living organisms in the ecosystem that take in energy from sunlight and use it to transform carbon dioxide and oxygen into sugars. Plants, algae and photosynthetic bacteria are all examples of producers. Producers form the base of the food web and are generally the largest group in the ecosystem by weight, or biomass. They also act as an interface with the abiotic components of the ecosystem during nutrient cycles as they incorporate inorganic carbon and nitrogen from the atmosphere.
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Explanation:
Fundamentally, ecosystem functions are exchange of energy and nutrients in the food chain. These exchanges sustain plant and animal life on the planet as well as the decomposition of organic matter and the production of biomass.
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