What are the functions of endo plasm reticulum
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Answer:
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a structure in eukaryotic cells composed of a phospholipid bilayer membrane that is contiguous with the nuclear envelope. It encloses a space, the ER lumen, within the cell that is separate from the cytoplasm. There are two regions of ER membrane visualized by electron microscopy that can be seen to be smooth and rough, so we commonly talk of the smooth ER (SER) and rough ER (RER). Cell biologists have evidence that the RER showing bumps is actually the attachment of protein synthesizing ribosomes. Generally speaking, the proteins that are manufactured there are held in the ER lumen and thus are separated from the cytoplasmic space; many of them are enzymes that will harm the cell if not separated or are proteins that are secreted outside the cell for various purposes. The SER has been shown to be active in synthesizing phospholipid membranes. These become part of the cell’s phospholipid membrane structures. Within the ER, the synthesized membrane is used to create vesicles that contain phospholipids and proteins encapsulated in them from the ER space that are then transported to other places in the cell, often to the Golgi Apparatus where additional processing occurs after which the proteins and other components are again encapsulated in vesicles to be transported to the parts of the cell where they have function.
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