what are the functions of pancreas and thyroid gland what may be the result of their dysfunction
Answers
Explanation:
It is widely accepted that thyroid hormones (THs), secreted from the thyroid, play important roles in energy metabolism. It is also known that THs also alter the functioning of other endocrine glands; however, their effects on pancreatic function have not yet been reviewed. One of the main functions of the pancreas is insulin secretion, which is altered in diabetes. Diabetes, therefore, could be related to thyroid dysfunction. Earlier research on this subject focused on TH regulation of pancreas function (such as insulin secretion) or on insulin function through TH-mediated increase of energy metabolism. Afterwards, epidemiological investigations and animal test research found a link between autoimmune diseases, thyroid dysfunction, and pancreas pathology; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that THs also play important roles in pancreas development and on islet pathology, both in diabetes and in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, an overview of the effects of thyroid and THs on pancreas physiology and pathology is presented. The topics contained in this review include a summary of the relationship between autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune pancreas lesions and the effects of THs on pancreas development and pancreas pathology (diabetes and pancreatic cancer).
Pancreas:
They release bile salts which helps to digest fats( in small intestine) and make the environment alkaline in the duodenum.
It also releases insulin hormone and glucagon hormone. Insulin helps to reduce blood sugar by converting it to stored sugar.
If not working properly, it can cause diabetes( type 1 and 2)
Glucagon helps to reverse the actions of insulin. It converts the stored sugar to blood sugar.
If not working properly, it can cause hypoglycemia.
Thyroid gland:
They releases thyroxine hormone. It helps to regulate carbohydrates, proteins and fat metabolism.
If not working properly, it can cause weight gain (in deficiency) and loss in weight (in over production)
Also, thyroid gland needs iodine as stimuli for production of thyroxine.
So, in deficiency of iodine, thyroxine will not be produced.
Deficiency of iodine will also cause goitre
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