What are the functions of stomata?
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The tiny pores or openings present under the leaves of the plants is called stomata. Two functions of stomata: (i) It helps in breathing of the plants. (ii) It helps in exchange of gases which takes place inside the plant cells.
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The functions of stomata
Explanation:
- Functions of the stomata:
(i) They allow the exchange of gases (CO2 and O2) with the atmosphere.
(ii) Evaporation of water from the leaf surface occurs through the stomata. Thus, the stomata help in the process of transpiration.
- The guard cells are what allows the stoma to open and close: they can absorb or release water to change their size, effectively closing or opening, depending on the plant’s needs. This process of absorption is called osmosis, when a liquid with a lower concentration of dissolved solids travels across a membrane to a region with a higher concentration of dissolved solids. So, guard cells build up dissolved solids in order to be able to absorb water. Primarily they utilize potassium and sugars.
- There are also channels in the guard cell for attracting potassium, which it gathers through the auxiliary cells. The absorption of water is faster than the second process, meaning that plants can close stomata more quickly than they can be opened. A hormone called abscissic acid sends the signal to close the stomata. This hormone is generated when the plant itself is in a state of low moisture.
- Bear in mind that open stomata are not picky about what they absorb. In addition to CO2, water, and oxygen, other harmful gases like carbon monoxide and ethylene can pass through the membranes.
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