What are the general features of systemic acquired resistance in plants?
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The defense of plants against infectious microorganisms involves constitutive barriers as well as reactions induced upon contact with potential pathogens. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is characterized by an activation of a broad spectrum of host defense mechanisms, locally at the site of the initial pathogen attack as well as systemically, in tissues untouched by the pathogen. SAR can provide resistance against widely diverse organisms such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Induced defense reactions associated with SAR involve both biochemical and cytological changes, and depend on the production of a signal that is translocated to other parts of the plant, where it triggers resistance. This review focuses on the defense reactions associated with SAR, such as the production of so-called pathogenesis-related proteins or the buildup of histological barriers, as well as various natural and synthetic signal compounds.
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