what are the genotypes and phenotypes of a monohybrid cross of pea plants having a pair of contrasting characters of heights?
Answers
Answer:
monohybrid cross is the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.”
“The cross between two monohybrid traits (TT and tt) is called a Monohybrid Cross.”
Monohybrid cross is responsible for the inheritance of one gene. It can be easily shown through a Punnett Square.
Monohybrid cross is used by geneticists to observe how homozygous offspring express heterozygous genotypes inherited from their parents.
How To Carry Out A Monohybrid Cross?
The ratios of the phenotype and the genotype that are estimated are only probabilities. Listed below are steps that can be used to calculate a monohybrid cross:
Indicate the alleles using characters – recessive alleles can be indicated by lower case letters while dominant alleles can be indicated by upper case letters
Note down both the phenotype and the genotype of the parents or the parental generation that are being crossed
Jot down the genotype of the gametes from the parental generation – As a result of meiotic division, the gametes will be haploid
Tabulate a Punnett square to chalk out the probable combinations of the gametes – Any combination is possible as the process of fertilization is random
The phenotype and the genotype ratios of the prospective offspring can be written. The outcome hence obtained is known as the F1 generation. The F2, F3 etc generations form the subsequent generations.
Monohybrid Cross Example
Gregor Mendel’s Peas
For monohybrid cross, Mendel began with a pair of pea plants with two contrasting traits, i.e., one tall and another dwarf. The cross-pollination of tall and dwarf plants resulted in tall plants. All the hybrid plants were tall. He called this as a first hybrid generation (F1) and offspring were called Filial1 or F1 progeny.
He conducted an experiment with all seven contrasting pairs and observed that the entire F1 progeny showed one pattern in their behaviour, i.e., they resembled one of the parents. Another parent character was completely absent.
Monohybrid cross generation
Monohybrid Cross
He continued his experiment with self-pollination of F1 progeny plants. Surprisingly, he observed that one out of four plants were dwarf while the other three were tall. The tall and the short plants were in the ratio of 3:1.
He also noted that no progeny was in intermediate height, i.e., no blending was observed. The result was the same for other traits of plants too, and he called them second hybrid generation and the offspring were called Filial2 or F2 progeny.
Monohybrid cross generation
Mendel observed that traits which were absent in F1 generation had reappeared in the F2 generation. He called such suppressed traits as recessive traits and expressed traits as dominant traits. He also concluded that some ‘factors’ are inherited by offspring from their parent over successive generations.
Later, these ‘factors’ were called genes. Genes are responsible for the inheritance of traits from one generation to another. Genes consist of a pair of alleles which code for different traits. If a pair of alleles is the same, i.e., TT or tt, such alleles are called homozygous pair while those that are different or non-identical (e.g. Tt) are called heterozygous pair.
Explanation:
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Answer:
According to MENDEL'S LAW OF SEREGATION all the F1 generation plants would be tall
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