What are the important features of contor farming and terrace farming ? How are they helpful in soil conservation ?
Answers
In terrace farming, physical barriers (trenches, stone bunds, live hedges, or natural strips) are created along the contours to retain rain water and make it infiltrate into the soil and to minimize soil erosion. Fairly flat strips of land develop between barriers where crops are grown.
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Ans: The factors that determine soil formation are:
1) Composition of parent rock: The inorganic elements and minerals contained in the soil will be similar to those contained in the parent rock.
2) Time of soil formation: The longer the time a soil has taken to form, the more mature it will be because the parent rock materials have been exposed to wreathing and have supported vegetation for a longer time.
3) Topography: Soil in hill regions get washed away easily as it is formed and so the soil is immature here.
4) Climate: Temperature and moisture influence the rate of physical and chemical weathering and determine the rate of soil formation. Decomposition of organic matter in the soil also influenced by climate.
5) Living organisms: Aerating agents like earthworms and plant roots help in making the soil fertile and prevents erosion, respectively.