Question

what are the laws of thermodynamics?

Answer 1

The four laws of thermodynamics define fundamental physical quantities (temperature, energy, and entropy) that characterizethermodynamic systems at thermal equilibrium. The laws describe how these quantities behave under various circumstances, and forbid certain phenomena (such as perpetual motion).

The four laws of thermodynamics are:

1.Zeroth law of thermodynamics: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law helps define the notion of temperature.

2.First law of thermodynamics: When energy passes, as work, as heat, or with matter, into or out from a system, the system'sinternal energy changes in accord with the law of conservation of energy. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the first kind are impossible.

3.Second law of thermodynamics: In a natural thermodynamic process, the sum of the entropies of the interacting thermodynamic systems increases. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the second kind are impossible.

4.Third law of thermodynamics: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.[2] With the exception of non-crystalline solids (glasses) the entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically close to zero, and is equal to the logarithm of the product of the quantum ground states.

Answer 2

Answer: The laws of thermodynamics are actually specific manifestations of the law of conservation of mass-energy as it relates to thermodynamic processes. The field was first explored in the 1650s by Otto von Guericke in Germany and Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke in Britain. All three scientists used vacuum pumps, which von Guericke pioneered, to study the principles of pressure, temperature, and volume.

● The Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics makes the notion of temperature possible.

● The First Law of Thermodynamics demonstrates the relationship between internal energy, added heat, and work within a system.

● The Second Law of Thermodynamics relates to the natural flow of heat within a closed system.

● The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that it is impossible to create a thermodynamic process that is perfectly efficient.

Explanation: