Question

what are the limitation of first law of thermodynamics? and justify need of second law of thermodynamics? ​

Answer 1

Explanation:

1st law doesn’t give information about the direction of flow of energy.

But from following

Heat given to system is (+)

Heat taken from system is (-)

Work done on the system is (-)

Work done by the system is (+)

The first law of thermodynamics does allow heat flow from a cold body to hot body, a fact which is never observed in nature. ... These limitations are overcome by the second law of thermodynamics. It helps us to predict whether the reaction is feasible or not and also tell the direction of the flow of heat

Answer 2

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⭐The Laws of Thermodynamics ⭐

=> The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that "Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system separately, are in thermal equilibrium with each other..."

=> The First Law of Thermodynamics states that "Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but can only be converted from one form to another, and can only be transferred from one system to another..."

=> The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that "The entropy of the universe always increases in every spontaneous natural process..."

According to Kelvin-Planck's statement, "It is impossible to devise a cyclically operating device, whose sole effect is the absorption of energy in the form of heat from a single from reservoir, and the performance of an equivalent amount of work..."

According to Claussius' statement, "In no process can the heat transfer from a colder to a warmer object take place without some other change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time..."

=> The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that "The entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero, as its temperature approaches the absolute zero..."

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