what are the lipids
Answers
lipids looks like proteins
Answer:
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Explanation:
Lipids are molecules that contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the structure and function of living cells. Examples of lipids include fats, oils, waxes, certain vitamins (such as A, D, E and K), hormones and most of the cell membrane that is not made up of protein.
Lipids are not soluble in water as they are non-polar, but are thus soluble in non-polar solvents such as chloroform.
What do Lipids Consist of?
Lipids are mainly composed of hydrocarbons in their most reduced form, making them an excellent form of energy storage, as when metabolized the hydrocarbons oxidize to release large amounts of energy. The type of lipid found in fat cells for this purpose is a triglyceride, an ester created from glycerol and three fatty acids.
Where do Lipids Come From?
Excess carbohydrates in the diet are converted into triglycerides, which involves the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA in a process known as lipogenesis, and takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. In animals and fungi, a single multi-functional protein handles most of these processes, while bacteria utilize multiple separate enzymes. Some types of unsaturated fatty acids cannot be synthesized in mammalian cells, and so must be consumed as part of the diet, such as omega-3.
Acetyl-CoA is also involved in the mevalonate pathway, responsible for producing a wide range of isoprenoids, which include important lipids such as cholesterol and steroid hormones.
Hydrolysable and Non-hydrolysable Lipids
Lipids that contain an ester functional group are hydrolysable in water. These include neutral fats, waxes, phospholipids, and glycolipids. Fats and oils are composed of triglycerides, made up of glycerol (1,2,3-trihydroxypropane) and 3 fatty acids to form a triester. Triglycerides are found in the blood, and stored in fat cells. Complete hydrolysis of triacylglycerols yields three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule.
Non-hydrolyzable lipids lack such functional groups and include steroids and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K).
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