Question

What are the main factors that have contributed to the rapid loss of coastal lands in parts of Ghana. And what measures can be taken to avert this phenomenon

Answer 1

There has been rapid loss of coastal land parts in Ghana. Coastal erosion is a serious problem which affects the protection and living conditions of many of Ghana 's coastal dwellers. While coastal erosion is a natural occurrence, it is primarily caused by human factors. erosion patterns

Explanation:

The major causes for rapid loss of coastal lands in parts of Ghana are

• Building of dams like the Kpong, Bui, & Akosombo which trap sediments that usually  helped maintain/build coastal beaches. Deforestation of mangroves is another cause for coastal erosion. Mangroves act as  a barrier for coastal areas against storms and facilitate in storing coastal sediment and therefore improve coastal stability
• Sand mining is a form of open-cast mining that supplies construction sector in Ghana with material . The construction industry in Ghana's coastal areas depends heavily on coastal sand and stems in houses, bridges and road construction. Nevertheless, sand extraction in many areas has exacerbated the deterioration in the coastal environment to an unprecedented pace
• Over the course of the years, the coastal areas in particular has suffered from inadequate management in particular by the people of the coastal inhabitants. Local people are not entirely concerned about the problem their activities is bringing  on the coast. They include the indiscriminate construction along the coast that is not properly monitored.
• Canals are typically dredged such that saltwater flows much more upstream and even brings other streams of water into the bay. This operation destroys trees and plants that usually protect the shoreline. Scientific evidence has proved that trees or vegetation on the banks of water bodies help to stabilise & protect coasts from flood & erosion.
• The natural reasons for coastal erosion is mainly due to the rising sea levels globally. Big storm waves usually contribute to coastal erosion that can take the form of long-term loses of rocks & soil, or in the temporary re-distribution of coastal sediments.

There are ways to mitigate coastal erosion such as

• Constructing  offshore breakers to dissipate the energy of waves reaching the coastline.
• Planting of mangroves & support for coastal wetlands to slowly restore & protect the coastline.
• Prohibit sand mining
• Periodic flushing of sediments held behind dams

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Answer 2

Human factors have contributed to erosion which has resulted in the rapid loss of the Ghana coastlines.

Explanation:

• Human Activities have largely contributed to the rapid loss of coastal lands in Ghana.
• While erosion is primarily a natural phenomenon, its effect within the coastal region of Ghana has been intensified by environmental factors that are created by humans.
• These practices affect the coast explicitly and indirectly influence the marine systems by growing the marine ecosystem's ability to deal with the natural phenomena.
• Thus, in order to aver this phenomenon, humans should indulge in ethical consumption of marine life in coastal areas.

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