Question

What are the main integrity and consistency problems caused by the concurrent execution of transactions? How these issues can be solved?

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Answer 1

Answer:

If concurrency control is not maintained, three serious problems may be caused by concurrent transaction execution: lost updates, uncommitted data, and inconsistent retrievals.

When concurrent transactions are executed in an uncontrolled manner, several problems can occur.

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The concurrency control has the following three main problems:

Lost updates.

Dirty read (or uncommitted data).

Unrepeatable read (or inconsistent retrievals).

Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

The following are the primary integrity and consistency issues brought on by concurrent transaction execution:

i)Lost Update: This occurs when two transactions do read/write operations on the same database items, resulting in the inaccurate and inconsistent values of the objects.

ii)Dirty Read: This problem arises when a transaction modifies a database row but fails.

iii)Unrepeatable Read Problem: When two different values are read for the same database object, the read problem takes place.

The transaction is consistent thanks due to ACID characteristics.

The following are the entire form:

A:Atomicity

C:Consistency

I:Isolation

D:Durability

The Solutions to the consistency problems are:

• The Lock Based Concurrency Control Protocol,

• Time Stamp Concurrency Control Protocol,

• Validation Based Concurrency Control Protocol

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