Question

What are the main organs of human respiratory system? Explain with the help of a labelled diagram.

Answer 1

Answer:

What is the Respiratory System?

The human respiratory system consists of a group of organs and tissues that help us to breathe. Lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system which help in the exchange of gases. The other main parts of this system include a series of airways for air passages, blood vessels and the muscles that facilitate breathing.

Respiratory System Parts and Functions

Let us have a detailed look at the different parts of the respiratory system and their functions.

Nose

The nose possesses a couple of exterior nostrils, which are divided by a framework of cartilaginous structure termed as the septum. This is the structure that evenly separates the right nostril from the left nostril. Tiny hair follicles that cover the interior lining of nostrils acts as the body’s first line of defence against foreign pathogens.

Larynx

Two cartilaginous chords lay the framework for the larynx. They are situated at the point of joining the pharynx and trachea. It is also termed as Adam’s apple or the voice box.

Pharynx

The nasal chambers open up into a wide hollow space termed as the pharynx. It is a common path for both air and food. It functions by preventing the entry of food particles into the windpipe. The epiglottis is an elastic cartilage, which serves as a switch between the larynx and the oesophagus by allowing the passage of air into the airway to the lungs, and food in the gastrointestinal tract.

Trachea

The trachea or the windpipe rises below the larynx and moves down to the neck. The walls of trachea comprise C-shaped cartilaginous rings which give hardness to the trachea and maintain it by completely expanding.

Bronchi

The trachea splits into two tubes termed as bronchi, which enter each lung individually. The bronchi divide into secondary, tertiary, and to bronchioles, which is again further divided into small air-sacs called the alveoli.

Lungs

Lungs are the chief centres of the respiration in humans and other vertebrates. They are located in the thoracic cavity of the chest near the backbone and on either side of the heart.

Respiratory Tract

The respiratory tract in humans is made up of the following parts:

External nostrils – For the intake of air.

Nasal chamber – which is lined with hair and mucus to filter the air and remove dust and dirt.

Pharynx – It is a passage behind the nasal chamber and serves as the common passageway for both air and food.

Larynx – Also known as the soundbox as it helps in the generation of sound and thus helps us in communicating.

Epiglottis – It is a flap-like structure that covers the glottis and prevents the entry of food into the windpipe.

Trachea – It is a long tube passing through the mid-thoracic cavity.

Bronchi – The trachea divides into left and right bronchi.

Bronchioles – Each bronchus is further  divided into finer channels known as bronchioles.

Alveoli – The bronchioles end up into the balloon-like structures known as the alveoli.

Lungs – We have a pair of lungs, which are sac-like structures and covered by a double-layered membrane known as pleura.

Explanation:

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