Question

What are the main political legacies of the Indian national movement?

Answer 1

Answer:

Introduction ,foundation of the Indian National Congress,Ghandhi's contribution ,the Karachi resolution of congress,the idea of socialism,the idea of planning, the nature of Ghandhian economics

Answer 2

The freedom struggle, one of the greatest mass movements in the world history, registered after 1919 a broad consciousness of the people’s decisive role in polities and in their own liberation. It succeeded in politicising and drawing into political action a large part of Indian people.

Mahatma Gandhi was of the opinion that it is the people and not leaders who create a mass movement though the quality of leadership is an important criterion for its success. Satyagraha fashioned by Gandhiji as tool to launch a tired against the colonial rule, based on the twin tenets of truth and non-violence, and achieved precisely the objectives of the mass movement by encouraging people’s participation in the freedom struggle.

Unlike a violent movement which could only be waged by a handful of committed cadres and fighters, a non-violent revolution required the political mobilisation of millions and the support of a vast majority. It was this faith in the participation of the masses that led to the support for a representative democracy and universal adult franchise.

The national movement from the very beginning popularised democratic ideals and institutions among the people and struggled for the introduction of parliamentary institutions on the basis of popular elections. Much attention was also paid to the defence of civil liberties and freedom of press. It may be argued that the Indian National Congress did not reach the entire mass of the Indian people.

In various places, historians have shown that local initiatives were taken to mobilise people on demands which were specifically to do with their local exploitation and miserable condition. These movements, though not under the Congress ideology, did draw inspiration from the life style and messages of a leader like Gandhiji.

Though these movements’ did not succeed in realising their aims and objectives and were often repressed by the colonial government, they were not total failures. In the local tradition, they symbolised and embodied the struggle for a more just and humane existence, in the post-independence India they gave us a rich legacy to draw upon for the purposes of achieving social and economic transformation.

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