Question

what are the main reasons of earthquake? how can we prevent us from it's damage?

Answer 1

Disturbance between crust and movement in tectonic playes result earthquake. For preventing if we are outdoor then we must go to open area. If in car then drive slowly to safer place. If in house then run to roof or hide yourself under table.

Answer 2

An earthquake is a sudden tremor or movement of earth's crust which lasts for a very short time. It originate naturally at or below the surface of the earth. We often hear about the earthquake in news only once in a while, even though earthquake occurs all time, all over the earth. There are about 800 of them everyday. This is because the vast majority of these quakes are very week. The are not even noticed. Major earthquakes are very much less frequent but are most destructive. Major earthquakes usually do not occur alone; when one such earthquake happens, there is usually another one at a nearby location. Sometime, an earthquake also has foreshocks. These are smaller earthquakes that happen in the same place before the larger earthquake follows. As at present, Scientist cannot predict accurately that a given earthquake is a foreshock and is likely to be followed by a larger earthquake. 


Causes of earthquake


It is known that earthquake are caused by disturbances deep down inside the uppermost layer of the earth. The outermost layer of the earth is not in a single piece but is broken into number of plates known as lithospheric plates or tectonic plates. It may surprise you, but these plates are moving around very slowly just a few millimetres every year due to the movement of the molten magma inside the earth. The movements of these plates cause changes on the surface of the earth. The movements of these plates cause changes on the surface of the earth and can cause an earthquake.

When the plates try to slide past each other. The boundaries of the plates get interlocked due to friction. The rest of the plates keeps moving. This cause a tension to build up in the plates. When the force of moving plates overcomes the friction of the edges, all the stored energy gets released. The earth shakes at this point. The vibration at the point. The energy gives rise to shock or seismic waves very much like ripples in a pond, when a stone is thrown into it. These shock waves shake the earth as they move outward through it. When the waves reach the surface of the earth, they shake the ground and anything on it. 



Protection against earthquake


The earthquake strike suddenly, violently without warning at nay time of the day or night. If an earthquake occurs in a populated area, it can cause death and injuries and property loss. It is, therefore, important that we identify the potential hazards before hand and take necessary precautions to protect ourselves as best as we can. People living in seismic zones where the earthquake are most likely to occur, have to be specially prepared. 
1. All the building in seismic zones need be designed so that they can withstand major tremors. It is advisable to make the structure simple so that it is 'Quake Safe'. 

2. Since some building may catch fire, it is necessary that all the building have their fire fighting equipment in order.

3. Since some buildings may catch fire, it is necessary that all the building have their fire fighting in order.

4. Safer places indoors, as well as outdoors, must be clearly identified.

5. An emergency communication plan should be made available.

6. Disaster management supplies (like flashlights, first aid box etc.) should be available on hand.

Safety precautions during earthquake


For a person present inside of a building:
1. Take shelter under a table and stay there till the shaking stops.

2. Stay away from tall and heavy objects that may fall on you.

3. Do not get up, if you are in bed. Protect your head with pillows. 

4. Stay indoor until shaking stops and it is safe to move outside. Most of injuries occur when people, inside the building, attempts to move to a different location within the building or try to leave it.

For a person caught outside in the open:
1. Find a clear spot, away from buildings, trees, bridges and overhead power lines. Drop to the ground.

2. Do not come out, if in a moving vehicle. Drive slowly to a clear spot and stay inside. Come out only when the tremors stop.

Safety precautions after the earthquake
1. Stay calm for a while. Expect after shocks. These shocks can cause additional damage.

2. Beware of possible tsunami, if you live in coastal area.

3. Carefully inspect utilities/supplies.

4. Use telephones only in emergency.

5. Stay away from damaged areas.

6. Help the injured ones.