Question

What are the majo types of soil available in india?(any 5) pls urgent I if answer I will follow them​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Some of the major soil groups available in India are: 1. Alluvial Soils 2. Black Soils 3. Red Soils 4. Laterite and Lateritic Soils 5. Forest and Mountain Soils.

1. Alluvial Soils:

Alluvial soils are by far the largest and the most important soil group of India. Covering about 15 lakh sq km or about 45.6 per cent of the total land area of the country, these soils contribute the largest share of our agricultural wealth and support the bulk of India’s population.

Most of the alluvial soils are derived from the sediments deposited by rivers as in the Indo-Gangetic plain although some alluvial soils in the coastal areas have been formed by the sea waves. Thus the parent material of these soils is all of transported origin.

2. Black Soils:

The black soils are also called regur (from the Telugu word Reguda) and black cotton soils because cotton is the most important crop grown on these soils. Several theories have been put forward regarding the origin of this group of soils but most pedologists believe that these soils have been formed due to the solidifaction of lava spread over large areas during volcanic activity in the Deccan Plateau, thousands of years ago.

3.red soil:

This comprehensive term designates the largest soil group of India, comprising several minor types. Most of the red soils have come into existence due to weathering of ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks.

The main parent rocks are acid granites and gneisses, quartzitic and felspathic. The colour of these soils is generally red, often grading into brown, chocolate, yellow, grey or even black. The red colour is due more to the wide diffusion rather than to high percentage of iron content.

4. Laterite and Lateritic Soils:

The word ‘laterite’ was first applied by Buchanan in 1810 to a clayey rock, hardening on exposure, observed in Malabar. But many authors agree with Fermor’s restriction of this term to soils formed as to 90-100 per cent of iron, aluminium, titanium and manganese oxides.

In the opinion of George Kuriyan, “It is probably the end product of decomposition found in regions of heavy rainfall, more than 200 cm” Such climatic conditions promote leaching of soil whereby lime and silica are leached away and a soil rich in oxides of iron and aluminium compounds is left behind.

5. Forest and Mountain Soils:

Such soils are mainly found on the hill slopes covered by forests. These soils occupy about 2.85 lakhs sq km which is about 8.67 per cent of the total land area of India. The formation of these soils is mainly governed by the characteristic deposition of organic matter derived from forest growth.

These soils are heterogeneous in nature and their character changes with parent rocks, ground-configuration and climate. Consequently, they differ greatly even if they occur in close proximity to one another. In the Himalayan region, such soils are mainly found in valley basins, depressions, and less steeply inclined slopes.

Answer 2

Answer:

mate there are mainly 6 type of soil present in india.

1. Alluvial soil
2. clayey soil.
3. red soil.
4. black soil.
5. mountains soil.
6. laterite soil.