Question

What are the major abiotic factors? (
Class 12 biology)

Answer 1

Abiotic factors include water, sunlight, oxygen, soil and temperature. Water (H2O) is a very important abiotic factor ....

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Answer 2

Major abiotic factors of the ecosystem

Temperature

The average temperature on land varies seasonally, decreases progressively from the equator towards the poles and from plains to the mountain tops.Thermal springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents are unique habitats where average temperatures exceed 1000oTemperature affects the kinetics of enzymes and through it the basal metabolism, activity and other physiological functions of the organism.

Water

Life on earth originated in water and is unsustainable without water.For aquatic organisms the chemical composition, pH of water is important.The salt concentration varies in aquatic environment.The salt concentration (measured as salinity in parts per thousand), is less than 5 per cent in inland waters, 30-35 per cent the sea and > 100 per cent in some hyper saline lagoons.

Light

Plants are dependent on light to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.Many plants are dependent on sunlight to meet their photoperiodic requirement for flowering.Animals use the diurnal and seasonal variations in light intensity and duration (photoperiod) as cues for timing their foraging, reproductive and migratory activities

Soil

Soil composition, grain size and aggregation determine the percolation and water holding capacity of the soils, which along with parameters such as pH, mineral composition and topography determine the vegetation in any area.In the aquatic environment, the sediment-characteristics often determine the type of benthic animals that can thrive there.

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