What are the major physographic condition of India?
Answers
Answer:
India is divided into six physiographic divisions on basis of the varied physiographic features: units as follows: Northern and North-eastern Mountain; Northern Plain; Peninsular Plateau; Indian Desert; Coastal Plains; and Islands.
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Explanation:
India has a unique culture and is one of the oldest and greatest civilizations of the world. It stretches from the snow-capped Himalayas in the north to Sun drenched coastal villages of the south and the humid tropical forests on the south-west coast, from the fertile Brahmaputra valley in its east to the Thar Desert in the west.
India shares its border from Afghanistan and Pakistan to the north-west, China, Bhutan and Nepal to the north, Myanmar to the Far East and Bangladesh to the east. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar. The country can be divided into six zones mainly North, South, East, West, and Central and Northeast zone. It has 29 states and seven union territories.
Here, we are giving ‘Summary on the Physiography of India’ as a quick revision capsule, which is very useful for the preparation of competitive examinations like UPSC-prelims, SSC, State Services, NDA, CDS, and Railways etc.
Summary on the Physiography of India
1. The Geological Structure of India is very diverse because an Indian rock belongs to different geologic periods, dating as far back as the Eoarchean Era. Its geographical land area can be classified into Archaean System; Dharwar System, Cuddapah System; Vindhyan System; Gondwana System, Deccan Trap; Tertiary System; Quarternary System.
2. India is located latitudinally in the Northern Hemisphere and longitudinally in the Eastern Hemisphere. It extends from 8°4′ north and 37°6′ North in length (latitudes). And between 68°7′ East and 97°25′ East in width (longitudes). Because of this great longitudinal extent, the difference in local time between eastern and western extremes of our country is about two hours.
3. The local time along 82° 30’ E longitudes is taken as standard time of India i.e. Indian Standard Time (IST). This meridian is known as the Standard Meridian of India. It has an area of 3.28 million square km. It is the seventh largest country in the world. It accounts for nearly 2% of the world’s total area. It is situated in the northern hemisphere.
Basic Concepts in Geography
4. India has a coastline of 7516.6 km of total land frontier 15200 km and Tropic of Cancer passes almost middle through its crossing over the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Paschim Banga, Tripura and Mizoram.
5. India lies largely on the Indian Plate, the northern portion of the Indo-Australian Plate, whose continental crust forms the Indian subcontinent Physical divisions, are marked by natural configuration. India is divided into six physiographic divisions on basis of the varied physiographic features: units as follows: Northern and North-eastern Mountain; Northern Plain; Peninsular Plateau; Indian Desert; Coastal Plains; and Islands.
6. The Himalayas are one of the youngest fold mountain ranges in the world of tectonic origin and comprise mainly sedimentary rocks. They stretch from the Indus River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east. It consists of three parallel ranges such as Himadri (Greater Himalayas), Himachal (Lesser Himalaya), and Shiwaliks (Outer Himalaya).
7. Himadri (Greater Himalayas): It has an average elevation of 6100m includes some of the highest peaks and some of the important passes like Jalep La in the Chumbi Valley in Sikkim and Shipki La in the Sutlej Valley. Mt. Everest or Sagarmatha, the highest peak of the world, lies in Nepal.
Important Passes in India
8. Himachal (Lesser Himalaya): It has an average height of 3700-4500 m. The important ranges are Dhauladhar, Pir Panjal, Nag Tibba and Musoorie. Important hill resorts are Shimla, Ranikhet, Almora, Nainital and Darjiiling Valley plains and ‘Doon or Doar’ are special features of this range bordering the outer Himalayas.
9. Shiwaliks (Outer Himalaya): It is recent origin with an average elevation of 900-1200 m, giving a hogback appearance with relatively steeper slope towards the south.
10. Trans Himalayan Zones lies to the North of the Great Himalayas bordering Tibet. Some important ranges of this zone are Karakoram, Ladakh, and Zaskar. This is the largest snow field outside the polar region.