what are the major problem we are facing to today due to over utilisation of fossil fuels
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
India’s current energy use is unsustainable. This consists of fossil fuels, hydropower and nuclear resources on the one hand, and combustible biomass and waste on the other, the latter being largely non-traded resources having a share of almost one quarter in the total primary energy supply. New renewable resources, meanwhile, currently have a negligible share (0.36%) in the total commercial (traded) energy balance. Table 1 shows the composition of India’s primary energy supply as of 2009, where the total supply is the energy equivalent of 366 million tonnes of oil.
Issues with coal
Among the fossil fuels, coal, being relatively cheaper and perceived to be an abundant energy resource as compared with hydrocarbons in India, has remained the focus of attention for energy planners ever since the oil shock of the early 1970s to meet the ever-increasing energy demand in the country. The total estimated reserve of coal in India as of 31 March 2010 was around 277 billion tonnes, according to the Energy Statistics of India in 2012.
However, the minability and extractability of Indian coal are significantly affected by the geological, technical and other surface constraints such as township, riverbed, high environmental fragility due to the location of deposits underneath deep pristine forests, and so on, resulting in high economic cost for at least some part of the resource, which cannot be as a result categorised as economically viable reserves. Some errors in measurement due to methodological reasons have further compounded the problem of estimation of reserves for energy planning. The high ash quality problem of Indian coal also tends to offset part of the apparent benefit of the low cost of coal from the geo-technically friendly coal fields and basins.
All these factors have resulted in the growing import of both coking and non-coking coal over time due to demand exceeding domestic supply and also of washing both coking and also non-coking coal. The share of import of coal in total apparent consumption has in fact grown from 2.2% in 1989-90 to 11.1% in 2010-2011. The unit prices of imports of coal by India also rose during the period 1989-90 to 2010-11 in both nominal dollars and rupees, particularly since 2000, at respective annual rates of 10.8% and 11.4%. The rise in the import price of coal in its turn eroded the relative cost benefit of imports of such coal.
Issues with oil and natural gas
India is highly dependent on the import of crude oil to meet its energy demand and imports have been steadily rising over the years. Although India has set up some refinery capacity under a private initiative that is used only to produce for export of petroleum products, the net imports of total oil (that is, aggregate of all imports of crude and petroleum products less all exports of petroleum products) have increased from around 25 million tonnes during 1989-1990 to around 120 million tonnes in 2010-2011–a growth rate of over 7% each year over the past two decades. While the average price of India’s net import of oil has gone up in nominal rupees by around 14% each year and in nominal dollars by around 6% each year, the share of import in the total apparent consumption of oil (that is, crude oil production plus net petroleum import) grew from 43% in 1989-90 to a high of 76% in 2010-11.
The natural gas market, on the other hand, is only an emerging market in India. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates the Indian market of natural gas to be one of the fastest growing in the world in the next 20 years and projects the growth to be around 5.4% per year over 2007-30 (IEA, 2009). It is being preferred mainly due to its inherent environmentally benign nature, greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness as a fuel.
The production of natural gas picked up very recently in 2009 with the start of the product at the deepwater KG-D6 field in the Bay of Bengal after remaining stagnant for almost a decade. The enactment of the new exploration
Answer:
- Decomposing plants and other organisms, buried beneath layers of sediment and rock, have taken millennia to become the carbon-rich deposits we now call fossil fuels. These non-renewable fuels, which include coal, oil, and natural gas, supply about 80 percent of the world’s energy. They provide electricity, heat, and transportation, while also feeding the processes that make a huge range of products, from steel to plastics.
When fossil fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which in turn trap heat in our atmosphere, making them the primary contributors to global warming and climate change.