what are the major soil types found in india give one important characteristics of each
Answers
Answer:
1. alluvial soil- very fertile
sediment deposited by river
2.black soil- cotton soil
maharastra, karnataka
3.red soil- presence of iron
north eastern parts.
4.laterite soil- formed by leaching process
tamil nadu, madhya pradesh
5.mountain soil- himachal pradesh
6.soil erosion- remove of top layerof soil
Answer:
The Indian Councile of Agriculture research (ICAR) has classified the soil in India info six groups:
- Alluvial soil
This is a rich and fertile soil formed by the depositional action of rivers. River transport eroded material from their higher reaches and deposits this material on their banks as they reach the plains. This fertile alluvial soil supports cultivation of crops.
- Black soil
Black soil is also known as regular soil or cotton soil. It is found in and around the lava plateaus. This deep and clayey soil swells when it is wet and contacts when it is dry. It is ideal for the growth of cotton.
- Red soil
Red soil is sandy and red in colour. The redness is due to the presence of iron oxide. In the lowlands, they are normally fertile, but in dry uplands, they are less fertile. It is suitable for the growth of millets, cotton, wheat, onions and potatoes.
- Laterite soil
Laterite soil is formed due to intanse leaching in regions with heavy rainfall. This soil is not naturally fertile as the top soil along with humus is washed away by rainfall. It is used for growing jute, millets, fodder crops, etc. It is also used fpr brick making.
- Arid & sandy soil
This soil is found in dry regions. The colour of the soil varies from dark shades of radish brown to pastel brown. It has very low moisture and humus content.
- Peaty & Forest soil
In the regions where theor is dense vegetation, we can found peaty and forest soil. The soil os rich in humus as the organic matter that accumulates in the forest decomposes to provide the same.