What are the necessary ingredients of a clause? Illustrate with example(s)?
Answers
A clause is a group of related words containing a subject that denotes what the sentence is about, and a verb that tells us what the subject is doing. A clause comes in four types; independent, dependent, relative and noun clause.
Independent Clause
An independent clause, also called a main clause, is a clause that can stand on its own. It contains all the information necessary to be a complete sentence. An independent clause has a subject that tells us what the sentence is about and a verb that tells us what the subject is doing. It expresses a complete thought, relaying that something has happened or was said.
For example, in the sentence, 'My dog loves pizza crusts,' the subject is dog, the verb is loves and reader now knows that 'your dog loves pizza crusts,' making it a complete thought.
Dependent Clause
A dependent clause, also called a subordinate clause, is a clause that cannot stand on its own because it does not contain all the information necessary to be a complete sentence. A clause is dependent because of the presence of words such as before, after, because, since, in order to, although, and though.
For example, if we begin the sentence 'My dog loves pizza crusts' with Because, we still have the subject, dog, and the verb, loves, but it is now an incomplete thought, 'Because my dog loves pizza crusts.'
To complete the thought, we must attach the dependent, or subordinate, clause to an independent, or main clause. For example 'Because my dog loves pizza crusts, he never barks at the deliveryman.' The thought is now complete, and reader knows that 'because he loves pizza crusts, your dog never barks at the delivery man.'
Relative Clause
A relative clause is a clause that begins with a relative pronoun such as who, whom, whose, which, or that, or a relative adverb such as when, where, or why. It is a type of dependent clause.
For example, in the clause 'Who loves pizza crusts,' the relative pronoun is who. In the clause 'Where he chews and drools with great enthusiasm,' the relative adverb is where.
Like dependent, or subordinate, clauses, relative clauses cannot stand alone as complete sentences. We must connect them to main clauses to finish the thought.
For example: 'My dog Lalu, who loves pizza crusts, eats them under the kitchen table, where he chews and drools with great enthusiasm.' The thought is now complete, and reader knows that 'your dog, who loves pizza crusts, eats them under the kitchen table,' and that he 'chews and drools with great enthusiasm' while doing so.
Note that the relative clause breaks up the main clause here, which is 'my dog Lalu eats them under the kitchen table.' A relative clause can be essential or nonessential. A relative clause is essential when we need the information it provides. An essential relative clause does not require a comma to separate it from the rest of the sentence.
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