What are the negative effects of gender equality in the society
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Stylized facts indicate that women’s roles are, although restricted,in the midst of quite dramatic change, both in developing and in developed countries.Results of both empirical and theoretical research, explanatory models and studiesexploring both forces that challenge and those that facilitate greater equality arepresented. The literature covers issues in gender inequality and economic developmentas they relate to: values and religion, cultural restrictions and roles, legal and inheritancelaws and practices, education of girls, resource allocation within marriage patterns, labormarket access, education, fertility, gender specific market failures in finance, and power inthe political decision making. We suggest that the findings in the literature are compatiblewith the long term trends in women’s roles in western countries that stem fromtechnological improvement, as industrialization has made extensive home-basedproduction obsolete, and reduced the demand for children. In this case, greater genderequality would be rather a consequence than a cause of development. However, genderequality does not seem to follow automatic Explanations that developed countries have greater technologicalprogress, a higher rate of investment and saving, better education, skill levels and infrastructure leaveunanswered the question of where these differences come from (see Weil, 2005). Macroeconomicstheories have influenced the World Bank and the IMF policies over the decades as these institutionsattempted to help developing countries towards economic growth and development. Easterly (2001)recounts the history of attempted solutions that have repeatedly turned out to be disappointments, asituation he explains as the result of a lack of attention to the incentives that people face in theirenvironments. The literature and its prominent authors are currently moving towards explaining thegrowth discrepancy between the poor and the rich nations with factors like social infrastructure (Halland Jones, 1999), values (Guiso et al., 2002), trust (Knack and Keefer, 1997), religion (Barro, 2002;Dollar and Gatti, 1999) or other aspects of the culture (Weil, 2005). These new explanations willincreasingly require a better understanding of the roles, status and behavior of a heretofore largelyignored half of the population – women.These new efforts sometimes involve expanding our understanding of what is meant by theconcept of development itself. Most prominently, Noble-laureate Amartya Sen (1999) argues thatincreasing GDP by itself should not be the ultimate goal of efforts to help poor countries. Rather, whataid should hope to maximize are the freedoms associated with wealth: freedom to exchange goods andlabor, freedom to make choices and influence one’s life, freedom to live longer, freedom to get aneducation. He suggest that restrictions on an individual’s right to own property, save, borrow, becomeeducated, make labor contracts or to control the products of one’s own labor would qualify asdisincentives to growth, while freedom to exercise these activities would be associated with economicgrowth. Given that roughly half of the population of any country is female, it is reasonable topostulate that a society’s failure to provide such freedoms or resources to them would be reflected infailures at the macroeconomics level as wellally from development, but there is a need foractive policies.