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Answer:
Explanation:Brain Disorders
Medically reviewed by Seunggu Han, MD on September 18, 2017 — Written by Lauren Reed-Guy
Types
Risk factors
Diagnosis
Outlook
What are brain disorders?
Your brain is your body’s control center. It’s part of the nervous system, which also includes the spinal cord and a large network of nerves and neurons. Together, the nervous system controls everything from your senses to the muscles throughout your body.
When your brain is damaged, it can affect many different things, including your memory, your sensation, and even your personality. Brain disorders include any conditions or disabilities that affect your brain. This includes conditions that are caused by:
illness
genetics
traumatic injury
This is a broad category of disorders, which vary greatly in symptoms and severity. Keep reading to learn about some of the largest categories of brain disorders.
What are the different types of brain disorders?
Brain injuries
Brain injuries are often caused by blunt trauma. Trauma can damage brain tissue, neurons, and nerves. This damage affects your brain’s ability to communicate with the rest of your body. Examples of brain injuries include:
hematomas
blood clots
contusions, or bruising of brain tissue
cerebral edema, or swelling inside the skull
concussions
strokes
Examples of the symptoms of a brain injury include:
vomiting
nausea
speech difficulty
bleeding from the ear
numbness
paralysis
memory loss
problems with concentration
Later, you may develop:
high blood pressure
a low heart rate
pupil dilation
irregular breathing
Depending on the type of injury you have, treatment may include medication, rehabilitation, or brain surgery.
About half of people with severe brain injuries need surgery to remove or repair damaged tissue or to relieve pressure. People with minor brain injuries may not need any treatment beyond pain medication.
Many people with brain injuries need rehabilitation. This can include:
physical therapy
speech and language therapy
psychiatry
Brain tumors
Sometimes, tumors form in the brain and can be very dangerous. These are called primary brain tumors. In other cases, cancer somewhere else in your body spreads to your brain. These are called secondary or metastatic brain tumors.
Brain tumors can be either malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous). Doctors classify brain tumors as grades 1, 2, 3, or 4. Higher numbers indicate more aggressive tumors.
The cause of brain tumors is largely unknown. They can occur in people of any age. Symptoms of brain tumors depend on the size and location of the tumor. The most common symptoms of brain tumors are:
headaches
seizures
numbness or tingling in your arms or legs
nausea
vomiting
changes in personality
difficulty with movement or balance
changes in your hearing, speech, or vision
The type of treatment you’ll receive depends on many different factors, such as the size of the tumor, your age, and your overall health. The main types of treatment for brain tumors are:
surgery
chemotherapy
radiation therapy
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases cause your brain and nerves to deteriorate over time. They can change your personality and cause confusion. They can also destroy your brain’s tissue and nerves.
Some brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, may develop as you age. They can slowly impair your memory and thought processes. Other diseases, such as Tay-Sachs disease, are genetic and begin at an early age. Other common neurodegenerative diseases include:
Huntington’s disease
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), or Lou Gehrig’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
all forms of dementia
Some of the more common symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases include:
memory loss
forgetfulness
apathy
anxiety
agitation
a loss of inhibition
mood changes
Neurodegenerative diseases cause permanent damage, so symptoms tend to get worse as the disease progresses. New symptoms are also likely to develop over time.
There’s no cure for neurodegenerative