What are the political condition of india on the eve of baburs invasion?
Answers
(1) Innumerable small Independent Kingdoms: There were innumerable, small, independent kingdoms which often fought with each other. According to Dr. Ishwari Prasad, "India was a congeries of states at the opening of the 16th century and likely to be the easy prey of an invader who had the strength and will to attempt her conquest."
Babur, a Turkish, belonged to Farghana, a Kingdom in Central Asia. He led four expeditions to India from 1519 to 1524, but without any significant results. The political history of India changed entirely with his fifth invasion, which marked his achievement. The implications were far-reaching. A rivalry was underway between several warring powers in India for political dominance. The requirement was fulfilled by the determination of Babur to rule India and his luck was tested.
EXPLANATION:
On the basis of Tuzuk-i-Baburi and other Historical Sources, the political conditions of India on the eve of Babur's invasion can be described in brief under the following headings:
Numerous Small Independent Kingdoms: There were numerous, tiny, independent kingdoms, frequently battling against each other. In the opening of the 16th century, India was a congery of States, and potentially the easy prey of a powerful and ready-to-try invader. Babur recalled that seven important States— Five Muslims and Two Hindus — there were when he invaded India. In addition to the States listed by Babur, a number of other countries played a significant role in India's politics. Delhi, Bengal, Punjab, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Malwa, Mewar, Orissa, Kashmir and Khandesh were major countries in northern India.
No Powerful Central Authority: There was no potent Central Authority to unify all the small states against a foreign conquest.
Political Condition of Southern India Was Weak: Southern India's political situation has deteriorated considerably. In five small principalities the Bahmanian Empire had broken up. The following were Bijapur, Golconda and Beedar. Although the Shia Rulers controlled all these States, they still used to battle each other. Krishandev Rai presided over the Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar in the south. He was extremely strong but he did not have good relations with the Kingdom of Bahmani and he was just interested in Deccan politics.
No Feeling of Modern Nationalism: The Indians lacked a sense of Modern Nationalism. It was more loyal than the symbolic central power of Delhi to its local leaders.
The situation was critical at that time. Nonetheless, India was a tiny group of states, which would be quite quickly attacked by any invader. In the midst of an unsatisfied crowd, a caste of invaders still battled about the throne, but no one had the strength to care about royal sculpture. Babur also identified the state of India in Tuzk-i-Baburi (Turkey) or Babur Nama (Persian) The situation of India has not been divided into many small groups.
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Conclusion of the political condition of north india in the eve of babur invasion
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