Question

what are the political social and economic ideas supported by the reference in Europe

Answer 1

Political
1. Liberals demanded for constitutionalism with national unification.
2. They demanded for the creation of a nation state on parliamentary principles- a constitution, freedom of press and freedom of association.
3. Women formed their own political associations, founded newspapers and took part in political meetings and demonstrations.
Economical
1. Liberalism stood for the freedom of markets an the abolition of state imposed restrictons on the movement of goods and capital.
2. In 1834, a customs unon or zolleverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined other German states.
Social
1. The ideas of suffrage to all including females and right to work was significant.
2. The issue of extending political rights to women was led by liberals movements in which women participated actively.

Answer 2

Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary. He was born in 1807. He became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. When he was 24 years old, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria. After that, he founded two more underground societies; first Young Italy in Marseilles and then Young Europe in Berne. Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind. So Italy had to be forged into a single unified republic instead of being a patchwork of small state kingdoms. Following in the footsteps of Mazzini, many secret societies were set up Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. The Conservatives feared Mazzini.