what are the powers and functions of the government ??
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First of all the Government’s main function is to govern its people in its territory. It makes necessary laws .
It is the one that preserves peace and order, Maintaining social peace is perhaps the fundamental purpose of government.
It also defend its territory from external threats and enemies. All countries need to defend its territories especially from the threats like wars, calamities; this is the reason why countries build or buy machines for wars and warning devices to warn people from the natural calamities.
The government also manages the Economic conditions to create the conditions for economic growth and material prosperity of the country. Most countries leave the economic policies and most decisions to the private markets where individual choice, competition and exchange are presumed to lead to a growing economy. But even free markets need government regulation in the form of enforceable property rights, consumer protection, enforcement of contracts, and health and safety laws to work fairly and efficiently. Some countries controls it’s nation’s market to ensure that the basic needs of the people are met and enhances its markets to develop the country’s economy.
The government is also expected to Redistribute Income and Resources to the people. Governments are expected to not only make the economic pie grow larger but to distribute the fruits of prosperity. Governments tax wealthier citizens and transfer income and services to certain categories of individuals who are thought to need them.
The government is also expected to prevent externalities. Externalities are indirect costs or benefits produced by an activity which impacts society. Externalities affect those who are not direct participants or beneficiaries in the activity, and they may be negative or positive. Factories can produce air pollution that individuals living nearby must breathe, or they may contaminate a city's water supply. Obviously, these are negative externalities. Those suffering from pollution do not share in the profits the polluting factory earns by its activity. Education is an example of a positive externality when members of society other than students benefit from a more educated population. Governments regulate activities that impose harmful or undesirable externalities.
All of these are expected in a government, but in reality not all governments in the world are doing all of these; some of the governments are corrupt or can’t do all of these due to the reason that some governments can’t handle it’s jurisdiction due to weak implementations of laws, selfish government officials, overpowering civilians.