Question

What are the products of fractional distillation? What principle is being used?
I actually need the answer of the first question urgently.But pls answer secnd one also.

Answer 1

for understanding the concept of fractional distillation you have to understand  distillation first.

Distillation - The process of converting a liquid into vapour and the subsequent condensation of the vapour back into the liquid.

OR

This method is used to separate a liquid from a solution of a homogeneous mixture. In this process the mixture is boiled in a distillation flask and the vapours are condensed as liquid.

Example of Distillation

Separating salt and water.

Fraction distillation

This method used to separate homogeneous mixture of two liquids.

how it works -

Suppose we have two liquids

A with boiling point 30 degrees C

B with boiling point 70 degrees C

  Which are completely mixable, now we will use distillation flask to separate this mixture.

As we heat the contents the liquid with lower b.p changes into the gaseous state condenses and collected into the empty beaker.

Answer 2

Fractional Distillation is used to separate the crude oil into its various components such as gasoline, kerosene oil, diesel oil, paraffin wax, liberating oil.

The Principle if fractional distillation is that different liquids boil at different temperatures. The miscible liquids boil at different temperature and evaporate at different temperatures.

When the mixture is heated, the liquid with lower boiling point boils and turns into vapours. So the mixture is heated to a temperature at which one or two components of the mixture will vaporise. Fractional distillation involves repeated distillation and condensation.

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