What are the properties of pressure in a fluid?
Answers
First Fluid Principle
Fluid pressure is perpendicular to any surface on which it acts. This principle is described by a vessel having flat sides and containing water. The pressure exerted by the weight of the water is perpendicular to the walls of the container. If pressure is exerted to the sides pushing the water downward and water would rise in the center.
Second Fluid Principle
Fluid pressure at a point in a fluid at rest is the same intensity in all directions. To put it another way, fluid pressure at a point in a fluid at rest.
Third Fluid Principle
Pressure applied to a confined fluid from without is transmitted equally in all directions. This is illustrated by a hollow sphere to which a water pump is attached. A series of gauges is set into the sphere around its circumference. When the sphere is filled with water and pressure is applied by the pump, all the gauges will register the same pressure. (This is true if they are on the same grade line with no change in elevation.)
Fourth Fluid Principle
The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to its depth. It is illustrated by three vertical containers, each 1 square inch (625mm2) in a cross-sectional area. The pressure at bottom of the 2nd container is twice as much as that of the 1st and the 3rd is 3 times as much as that of the 1st.
Fifth Fluid Principle
The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to the density of the liquid. It is illustrated by 2 containers. One container holds mercury 1 inch deep, the other holds water 13.5 inches deep, yet the pressure at the bottom of each container is approx. the same. Thus, mercury is 13.55 times denser than water. Therefore, the pressure in an open vessel is proportional to the density of the liquid.
Sixth Fluid Principle
The pressure of a liquid on the bottom of a vessel is independent of the shape of the vessel. Its illustrated by showing water in several different shaped containers, each having the same cross-sectional area at the bottom and the same height. The pressure is the same in each container.