Question

what are the required conditions for
1. Fractional distillation
2. Simple distillation
3. Vaccum distillation
4. Steam distillation​

Answer 1

Explanation:

1. Conditions required for Fractional distillation are as follows:-

a. Liquid to be mixed properly

b. Boiling point difference is required of 10°.

Examples:-

(i) In the petroleum industries in distillation of crude oil.

(ii) Acetone(329K) and Methyl Alcohol (338K).

2. Conditions required for simple distillation are as follows:-

a. Liquid sample to will have non volatile impurities.

b. Difference of boiling point must be 80°K or more.

Examples:-

(i) Mixture of ether (BP = 308K) and

Toluene (BP = 384K).

(ii) Mixture of Hexane (342K) and Toulene (384K).

3. Conditions required for vaccum distillation are as follows:-

a. Liquid must boil at it's higher temperature.

b. There should be possibility of decomposing before attaining of Boiling point.

Examples:-

(i) Recovery of glycerol from spent lye.

(ii) Concentration of sugar juice.

4. Conditions required for steam distillation are as follows:-

a. Substance to be immiscible with water.

b. Substance to be steam volatile.

Examples:-

(i) Seperation of Aniline from water.

(ii) Nitro Benzene, Naphthalene etc.

#answerwithquality #BAL

Answer 2

$\sf\green{Simple \: distillation:-}$

Simple distillation is used when the boiling points of chemicals in a mixture having large differences (more than 25°C).

→ No fractionating columns used as the difference in the boiling point of mixture is large.

→ E.g. Process used in separating kerosene and petrol

$\sf\green{Fractional \:distillation:-}$

→Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of chemicals in a mixture are close to each-other, usually within 77°F (25°C).

→Fractionating columns used to separate the mixtures.

→E.g. Process used in the separation of Crude Oil into useful fractions

$\sf\green{Steam \:distillation:-}$

→In steam distillation impure compounds are distilled in a current of stream.This is most applicable for solids and liquids.

→The impurities must satisfy the following conditions to under go steam distillation:

• it should not decompose at steam temperature.
• It should have high vapour pressure at 373k.
• It should be insoluble in water.

$\sf\green{Vaccum \:distillation:-}$

→ Liquid must boil at it's higher temperature.

→There should be possibility of decomposing before attaining of Boiling point.

Examples:-

• Recovery of glycerol from spent lye.
• Concentration of sugar juice.