what are the rules for assigning oxidation state for an atom ? I( I need this for 5 marks )
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Explanation:
The oxidation number of a free element is always 0. The atoms in He and N2, for example, have oxidation numbers of 0. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals the charge of the ion. For example, the oxidation number of Na+ is +1; the oxidation number of N3- is -3.
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Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers
The convention is that the cation is written first in a formula, followed by the anion. For example, in NaH, the H is H-; in HCl, the H is H+.
The oxidation number of a free element is always 0. The atoms in He and N2, for example, have oxidation numbers of 0.
The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals the charge of the ion. For example, the oxidation number of Na+ is +1; the oxidation number of N3- is -3.
The usual oxidation number of hydrogen is +1. The oxidation number of hydrogen is -1 in compounds containing elements that are less electronegative than hydrogen, as in CaH2.
The oxidation number of oxygen in compounds is usually -2. Exceptions include OF2 because F is more electronegative than O, and BaO2, due to the structure of the peroxide ion, which is [O-O]2-.
The oxidation number of a Group IA element in a compound is +1.
The oxidation number of a Group IIA element in a compound is +2.
The oxidation number of a Group VIIA element in a compound is -1, except when that element is combined with one having a higher electronegativity. The oxidation number of Cl is -1 in HCl, but the oxidation number of Cl is +1 in HOCl.
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