What are the safety regulations adopted by political leaders in SA any globally to mininise the spread of covid19. And the psychological effects of each safety regulation that may be on people!
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Answer:
COVID-19 Regulations Presenting Concerning Ramifications for Enjoyment of Human Rights, Including Livelihoods
In an open letter to the Southern Africa Development Community and member states, Amnesty International, the Advancing Rights in Southern Africa program managed by Freedom House, the Southern Africa Litigation Centre and the Southern Africa Human Rights Defenders Network, have expressed their concern about restrictive government measures in response to COVID-19 which have a significant impact on citizens' rights and livelihoods. The four organizations called on governments in the region to adhere to applicable human rights standards in addressing the crisis.the undersigned organizations, are writing this letter to bring to your attention the worrying restrictive COVID-19 regulations presenting concerning ramifications for enjoyment of human rights, including livelihoods.
As the international community strives to combat the spread of COVID-19, a number of states in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) have adopted varied measures that have concerning ramifications for the enjoyment of human rights, including livelihoods for people in the informal economy. States have in some instances adopted declarations of states of emergency, states of disaster or other measures that limit the exercise of certain human rights. While some states have begun gradually relaxing these regulations, the business environment remains restrictive, and this means that millions of people within SADC, especially those who are in the informal economy, cannot work, with the poor mostly affected. While the challenges presented by COVID-19 are enormous and compel states to employ unprecedented measures to protect populations from this global pandemic, it is important that all measures comply with applicable international human rights standards. Human rights must be at the centre of all prevention, preparedness, containment and treatment efforts, in order to best protect public health and support the groups and people who are most at risk.
Legal measures in response to COVID-19
In Southern Africa, several countries have declared states of emergency or taken exceptional measures to curb the spread of COVID-19. Those that have declared states of emergency include Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique and Namibia. These are of varying periods, and it is concerning that unduly prolonged periods or extensions of states of emergency have been declared in some countries where parliamentary oversight is not guaranteed without providing reasons to justify the length. Only Botswana and Namibia have subjected the declarations to parliamentary oversight. States of emergency must be limited to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation, relating to the duration, geographical coverage and material scope, and any measures of derogation resorted to because of the emergency.
All relevant safeguards under international law must be adhered to, including the official proclamation of the state of emergency and its international notification, with full information about the measures taken and a clear explanation of the reasons for them; it must be temporary and subject to periodic and genuine review before any extension; and it must narrow down any derogations of human rights to those for which this is actually allowed under international law, and that are strictly necessary in the situation. The undersigned organizations are concerned that this may lead to human rights violations, including related to freedom of movement and livelihoods. While states can derogate from certain freedoms and rights during a state of emergency, they cannot derogate from certain rights including the right to life; the prohibition from torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; medical or scientific experimentation without free consent; freedom from slavery or involuntary servitude; imprisonment for failing to fulfil a contractual obligation; equal recognition before the law; and freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
The states of emergency and the measures taken under them must not become a “new normal.” States must lift all emergency measures as soon as it is no longer warranted by the pandemic-related emergency and ensure that related restrictions or derogations of human rights do not become permanent.
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