what are the short and long term solutions of landfill sites that effects environment? give two solutions each please.
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Answer:
Landfill sites are not pretty. Unfortunately, the problem is bigger than just the sight of huge piles of waste. There are many health and environmental issues that are presented by landfill waste:
Problem 1: Toxins
A lot of the different materials that end up in landfills contain toxins that are eventually released and seep into the soil and groundwater. These substances are major hazards to the environment and can last for several years. For example, think of electronics such as computers, batteries and televisions that get thrown out and end up in landfills. These products contain substances like arsenic, acids, lead and others which eventually end up in our environment and pose threats to public health.
Mercury is another toxic substance that frequently appears in landfills. It comes from fluorescent light bulbs and poses major health risks. Inhaling even a small amount of mercury vapor can harm our kidneys and cause respiratory failure.
Solution 1: Treating Toxins
Newer landfills are being constructed with synthetic membranes to prevent mercury from escaping into soil and groundwater. Instead, the toxins are drained through a collection of pipes and discharged into a sewer system where they can be retained, incinerated or converted into fertilizer.
Problem 2: Leachate
Leachate is a liquid that forms when landfill waste breaks down and water filters through that waste and picks up toxins. Rain falling on the top of the landfill is the greatest contributor of leachate. In other cases, groundwater entering the landfill can produce leachate as well. As liquid seeps through the landfill and collects decomposed waste components, chemical reactions take place and produce a toxic leachate “cocktail.” Chemicals commonly found in leachate include:
- Methane
- Carbon Dioxide
- Organic Acids
- Alcohols
- Aldehydes
- More
Solution 2: Treating Leachate
There are a range of technologies available to treat landfill leachate in different ways. These include:
- Biological Treatment – This is usually the first step in treating landfill leachate. It involves using many different filters to remove nitrogen and other biological compounds from the wastewater.
- Chemical-Physical Processes – Wet oxidation processes can be used if it is possible to oxidize organic compounds. This includes activated carbon adsorption, precipitation, flocculation and ion exchange processes among others.
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