Question

What are the similarities conventional management of forest in Bastar and Java ?

Answer 1

The colonial managers of Bastar were the British, while those of Java were the Dutch.

There were however many similarities between both the colonial powers in forest management of the respective areas. In both cases forests came to be owned by the state.

They restricted villagers from practising shifting cultivation and their access to forests. They enacted laws to allow themselves to exploit forest trees for timber, to build ships and railways to protect and further their imperial interests.