What are the similarities that observed by you in
Fascism and Nazism?
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Answer:
Fascism was a system of government that reigned in Europe between the First and Second World Wars. It was a far-right form of government which was characterized by extreme nationalism, racial discrimination, promotion of violence and war, gender discrimination against women, and an unapologetic hatred for socialism. The most notorious regimes that practiced fascism were Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf Hitler of Germany (as Nazism). Although, there were other fascist regimes and movements in Spain, Croatia, Hungary, and Britain and so on, none of there was as vibrant, feared and influential as Mussolini and Hitler. There has been a strong and ceaseless debate among historians about whether fascism as practiced in Italy under Mussolini could be described as the same with the Nazism practiced in Germany under Hitler. This research examined the similarities and differences, if any, between Mussolini’s fascism and Hitler’s Nazism with considerable study of the assertions of scholars on the debate.
Fascism was an extreme right-wing form of government that existed after the First World War majorly in Italy under Benito Mussolini and in Germany under Adolf Hitler (as Nazism). Fascism is a concept that has a contentious definition. Attempts at defining or explaining it has led to scholars describing what it is not rather than what it is.[1] The Marxist schools of thought see it as a product of capitalism and a manifestation of its decline. Some others describe it as a bunch of nonsense based upon “an ill-sorted hodge-podge of ideas”.[2] Another group of historians such as Griffin, Eatwell acknowledges the ideological content of fascism describing it as nationalistic response to the ideological internationalism of Marxism, by linking with other ideological traditions of the 19th century – romantic irrationalism, social Darwinism, Hegelian exultation of the state, Nietzeschean ideas, Sorelian conception of the role of myth, imagery of the great man and the genius turned explicitly antidemocratic. It is antiliberal, anti-parliamentarian, anti-marxist and particularly anti-communist, not committed to a conservative continuity, a clerical, partly anti-bourgeois and anticapitalist, Romanization of the peasants, artisans and the soldiers.[3] There has been contentious debate among historians as to the similarities and differences between Italian fascism and German Nazism. Richard Thurlow sees “no Siamese twins”[4] in the two, while Zeev Sternhell emphasises the ‘racism’ of Nazism and the ‘State’ focus of fascism. But some historians emphasise the similarities. For instance, Roger Eatwell describes the two as a “holistic national ‘Third Way”[5] while Roger Griffin argues on ‘generic’ fascism characterized “polygenetic ultra-nationalism and national rebirth”.[6] This study attempts to examine the various views and it finds out that fascism and Nazism are similar except that Nazism was built on the foundation of racism which is not the case in Italy.
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