What are the stages of germanation ?
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The first step in the germination process is the metabolic activation of a dormant seed
Germination begins with the absorption of water, which causes gibberellin to be produced
Gibberellin triggers the synthesis of amylase, which breaks down starch into maltose
Maltose is either hydrolysed (to glucose) for energy, or polymerised (to cellulose) for cell wall formation
This energy and cellular building blocks is used to promote cell division and the growth of a nascent shoot
Once the seed is metabolically activated, germination proceeds according to the following stages:
The seed coat (testa) ruptures and the embryonic root (radicle) grows into the ground to extract key nutrients and minerals
The cotyledon emerges and produces the growing shoot’s first leaves
The growing plant can be divided into the epicotyl (embryonic shoot), hypocotyl (embryonic stem) and developing roots
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