Question

What are the stages of national movement during Gandhi era

Answer 1

Answer:

The history of the Indian National Movement can be studied in 3 important phases

• The phase of moderate nationalism (1885-1905) when the Congress continued to be loyal to the British crown.
• The years 1906-1916 which witnessed Swadeshi Movement, raise of militant nationalism (Extremism) and the Home Rule Movement.
• The period from 1917 to 1947 known as the Gandhian era.

The Indian National Congress (1885)

• Formed during the period of Governor General Lord Dufferin
• Founded by A O Hume
• Its 1st session was held at Bombay in 1885 under the presidency of W C Banerjee
• Discussed the problems of all the Indians irrespective of their religion, caste, language and regions
• Thus INC from the start was an all-India secular movement
• 2nd session was held in Calcutta in 1886 and the 3rd in Madras in 1887

Major Causes of Indian National Movements (1885 – 1905)

• Approx. all India for the 1st time was under single administration
• Western Education  
• Spread the concepts of liberty, equality freedom & nationalism
• English educated Indians led the national movement & organized it
• Indian Press, both English and vernacular, had also aroused the national consciousness
• Administration of Lytton  
• Arranged Delhi Durbar at Famine time
• Vernacular press act
• Arms Act
• Uniform salt tax
• Others  
• Development of Communication and Transport brought Indians Closer
• Social and Religious Movements of the Nineteenth Century
• Economic & Political Exploitation by the British
• Racial Discrimination
• Ilbert Bill controversy

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