Question

What are the statements of the thermodynamics laws?

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

The three laws of thermodynamics define physical quantities (temperature, energy, and entropy) that characterize thermodynamic systems at thermal equilibrium. The laws describe how these quantities behave under various circumstances, and preclude the possibility of certain phenomena (such as perpetual motion).

The three laws of thermodynamics are:[1][2][3][4][5]

First law of thermodynamics:

When energy passes, as work, as heat, or with matter, into or out of a system, the system's internal energy changes in accord with the law of conservation of energy. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the first kind (machines that produce work with no energy input) are impossible.

Second law of thermodynamics:

In a natural thermodynamic process, the sum of the entropies of the interacting thermodynamic systems increases. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the second kind (machines that spontaneously convert thermal energy into mechanical work) are impossible[citation needed].

Third law of thermodynamics:

The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.[2] With the exception of non-crystalline solids (glasses) the entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically close to zero.

In addition, there is conventionally added a "zeroth law", which defines thermal equilibrium:

Zeroth law of thermodynamics:

If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law helps define the concept of temperature.

There have been suggestions of additional laws, but none of them achieve the generality of the four accepted laws, and they are not mentioned in standard textbooks.[1][2][3][4][6][7]

The laws of thermodynamics are important fundamental laws in physics and they are applicable in other natural sciences.

Answer 2

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⭐The Laws of Thermodynamics ⭐

=> The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that "Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system separately, are in thermal equilibrium with each other..."

=> The First Law of Thermodynamics states that "Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but can only be converted from one form to another, and can only be transferred from one system to another..."

=> The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that "The entropy of the universe always increases in every spontaneous natural process..."

• According to Kelvin-Planck's statement, "It is impossible to devise a cyclically operating device, whose sole effect is the absorption of energy in the form of heat from a single from reservoir, and the performance of an equivalent amount of work..."
• According to Claussius' statement, "In no process can the heat transfer from a colder to a warmer object take place without some other change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time..."

=> The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that "The entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero, as its temperature approaches the absolute zero..."

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