what are the stephen Hawkinglife time achievements
Answers
Step-by-step explanation:
#1 ALONG WITH ROGER PENROSE, HE DID GROUND-BREAKING WORK ON SINGULARITIES
Roger Penrose
Roger Penrose
A gravitational singularity is a one-dimensional point which contains infinite mass in an infinitely small space. In a singularity, gravity becomes infinite, space-time curves infinitely and the laws of physics as we know them cease to exist. Along with English mathematical physicist Roger Penrose, Stephan Hawking did path-breaking work on singularities which proved their existence and theorized that the universe might have begun as a singularity. Their Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems attempt to answer when gravitation produces singularities.
#2 HAWKING CO-DISCOVERED THE FOUR LAWS OF BLACK HOLE MECHANICS
With James Bardeen and Brandon Carter, Stephan Hawking discovered the four laws of black hole mechanics. These laws are physical properties that black holes are believed to satisfy and are analogous to the laws of thermodynamics. In January 1971, his essay titled “Black Holes” won the prestigious Gravity Research Foundation Award.
Black Hole
Simulated view of a Black Hole
#3 HIS MOST SIGNIFICANT THEORY IS THAT BLACK HOLES EMIT THE HAWKING RADIATION
Previously physicists believed nothing could escape a black hole. In 1974, Stephan Hawking showed that black holes emit radiation, which may continue till they exhaust their energy and evaporate. Stephen’s prediction of what became known as the Hawking radiation initially created a controversy but on further research was considered an important breakthrough in theoretical physics.
Hawking Radiation explanation
Hawking Radiation explanation
#4 HE CONTRIBUTED TO THE THEORY OF COSMIC INFLATION
Introduced by Alan Guth in 1980, cosmic inflation is a theory in physical cosmology which proposes that following the Big Bang, the universe expanded exponentially before settling down to slower expansion. It is now widely accepted. Stephen Hawking was one of the first to calculate quantum fluctuations that were created during cosmic inflation and to show how they might give rise to the spread of galaxies in the universe.
History of the Universe
History of the Universe Diagram
#5 ALONG WITH JAMES HARTLE, HE PROPOSED AN IMPORTANT MODEL ON UNIVERSE’S INITIAL STATE
Along with James Hartle, Stephen Hawking published a model known as the Hartle–Hawking state in 1983. It proposed that time didn’t exist before the Big Bang and hence the concept of the beginning of the universe is meaningless. The Hartle–Hawking state universe has no beginning as it has no initial boundaries in time or space. It remains one of the most prominent theories on the initial state of the universe.
James B. Hartle