Question

What are the streams in c++ and predefined streams in c++?

Answer 1

We can define stream as a sequence of characters. Predefined Streams are : cin, cout, cerr, clog which are defined in <iostream> header file. Answer: The predefined streams in C++ are Cin - standard input, Cout - standard output, Cerr - Standard error output, and Clog - buffered version.

Answer 2

Classes for input stream, output stream, and input-output stream are included in the standard C++ Stream Library.

The following preconfigured streams are provided by C++:

cin - Characters written to the standard error stream are flushed on each output operation. - The standard input stream cout - The standard output stream cerr - The buffered error stream clog.

• A translator, a specification, and a stream buffer are the three components that make up a stream in official terms.
• The character buffer, or array of characters waiting to be sent to the programme or the output sink, is contained and managed by the stream buffer.
• The specification keeps track of the stream's status, format, and pointer to the stream buffer.
• When an object type overrides the proper translation methods, a translator transforms characters to and from C++ types like int, float, and boolean as well as any other type.
• Specifications are instances of the ios class, translators are instances of the istream and ostream classes, and stream buffers are instances of the streambuf class.
• Strangely, specialisation was chosen by the stream library's creators as the link between specifiers and translators.
• To cout are connected all predefined streams. The contents of cout are flushed when you use cin, cerr, or clog, delivering them to the final consumer.
• All I/O to I/O streams are created by z/OS C standard streams:
• CIN receives input from stdin (unless cin is redirected)
• Stdout receives cout output (unless cout is redirected)
• The output of cerr is sent to the buffered stderr (unless cerr is redirected)
• stderr receives output from clog (unless clog is redirected)

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