Question

what are the strengths and weaknesses of nebula cloud threory

Answer 1

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Orbital Resonances in the Solar Nebula: Strengths and Weaknesses

A planetesimal moving in the Solar Nebula experiences an aero- dynamic drag which causes its orbit to circularize and shrink. However, resonant perturbations from a protoplanet interior to the planetesimal's orbit ran counteract both the orbital decay and the damping of the eccentricity: the planetesimal can be captured into an orbital resonance and its eccentricity pumped up to a modestly high equilibrium value. Thus, orbital resonances constitute (partial) barriers to the delivery of planetesimals into the feeding zone of the protoplanet. We have established the characteristics of the phenomenon of resonance capture by gas drag in the circular restricted three-body approximation. We have determined the strengths of the equilibrium resonant orbits with respect to impulsive velocity perturbations. We conclude that planetesimals captured in orbital resonances are quite vulnerable to being dislocated from these orbits by mutual planetesimal interactions, but that the resonances are effective in slowing down the rate of orbital decay of planetesimals. Only very small bodies, less or approx. equal to 100 m, are able to reach a approx. 1 mass of the earth protoplanet without being slowed down by resonances.

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Answer 2

Nebula cloud theory

• The nebula cloud theory explains the evolution and formation of the solar system.
• According to the theory, stars are formed in very large and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen- Giant molecular clouds(GMC)
• These clouds are gravitationally not stable and matter coalesces within them into much smaller and denser clumps which then rotate, collapse, and form stars

Strength-

• All planets revolve around the sun in the same direction. This would be possible if they all formed from a cloud of debris around a star (proto sun)
• The model of the sun is mainly made of hydrogen. The composition of sun can be measured using helioseismology which agrees with the theory that star is formed as a giant ball of hydrogen generating heat by nuclear fusion in the core.

Weakness-

• The main weakness of the theory involved the distribution of angular momentum between the sun and the planets.
• 99% of the angular momentum belongs to the planet, this fact could not be explained by the nebular theory.
• The Nebula cloud theory couldn't explain a variety of solar systems characteristic, which includes nearly circular and coplanar orbits s of the planets and their motion in the same direction as the sun.
• The theory fails to explain differences in the density, size, and mass of planets in the solar system.

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