What are the symptoms and cause of
A) Acromegaly
B) Goitre
C) Cretinism
D) Hashimoto's disease
E) Gigantism
F) Dwarfism
G) Diabetes insipuide
Answers
Answer:
a) Acromegaly may produce the following signs and symptoms, which can vary from one person to another:
Enlarged hands and feet.
Coarsened, enlarged facial features.
Coarse, oily, thickened skin.
Excessive sweating and body odor.
Small outgrowths of skin tissue (skin tags)
Fatigue and muscle weakness.
Most cases of acromegaly are caused by a noncancerous (benign) tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland
b)Symptoms of a goiter may include:
Swelling at the base of the neck.
A tight feeling in the throat.
Hoarseness.
Coughing.
Difficulty breathing.
Difficulty swallowing.
Dizziness when the arms are raised above the head.
Neck vein swelling.
What causes a goiter? Iodine deficiency is the main cause of goiters. Iodine is essential to helping your thyroid produce thyroid hormones. When you don't have enough iodine, the thyroid works extra hard to make thyroid hormone, causing the gland to grow larger.
c) Signs of cretinism or congenital hypothyroidism in a newborn include:
lack of weight gain.
stunted growth.
fatigue, lethargy.
poor feeding.
thickened facial features.
abnormal bone growth.
mental retardation.
very little crying.
Cretinism: Congenital hypothyroidism (underactivity of the thyroid gland at birth), which results in growth retardation, developmental delay, and other abnormal features. Cretinism can be due to deficiency of iodine in the mother's diet during pregnancy.
d) Symptoms of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Weight gain. Fatigue. Paleness or puffiness of the face. Joint and muscle pain
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a condition caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland. It is an autoimmune disease, which means that the body inappropriately attacks the thyroid gland - as if it was foreign tissue. The underlying cause of the autoimmune process remains unknown.
e) Common symptoms include: very large hands and feet. thick toes and fingers. a prominent jaw and forehead.
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Other symptoms of gigantism may include:
excessive sweating.
severe or recurrent headaches.
weakness.
insomnia and other sleep disorders.
delayed puberty in both boys and girls.
irregular menstrual periods in girls.
deafness.
Gigantism is a serious condition that is nearly always caused by an adenoma, a tumor of the pituitary gland. Gigantism occurs in patients who had excessive growth hormone in childhood. The pituitary tumor cells secrete too much growth hormone (GH), leading to many changes in the body.
f) Here are signs and symptoms to look for in children that indicate a potential for dwarfism:
a larger head.
late development of certain motor skills, such as sitting up or walking.
breathing problems.
curvature of the spine.
bowed legs.
joint stiffness and arthritis.
lower back pain or numbness in the legs.
crowding of teeth.
Causes of proportionate dwarfism include metabolic and hormonal disorders such as growth hormone deficiency. The most common types of dwarfism, known as skeletal dysplasias, are genetic. Skeletal dysplasias are conditions of abnormal bone growth that cause disproportionate dwarfism.
g) The symptoms of diabetes insipidus include:
Extreme thirst that can't be quenched (polydipsia)
Excessive amounts of urine (polyuria)
Colourless urine instead of pale yellow.
Waking frequently through the night to urinate.
Dry skin.
Constipation.
Weak muscles.
Bedwetting.
Diabetes insipidus can be caused by conditions such as:
A hypothalamus gland that doesn't make enough ADH.
A pituitary gland that doesn't release enough ADH into the blood.
Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during surgery or radiation therapy.
Brain injury.
Brain tumor.
Tuberculosis.
Explanation: