What are the technological and institutional reforms done in agriculture?
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Answer:
Technological and Institutional Reforms
• Collectivisation, Consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about Institutional Reforms in the country after Independence. 'Land Reform' was the main focus of the First Five Year Plan.
• The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture.
• Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at low rates of interest were some important steps in this direction.
• The government also announces Minimum Support Price (MSP), remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.
The various technological and institutional reforms consist of various measures taken by the Central and State governments from time to time. Flooding of fields with water is now being replaced by drip irrigation and the use of sprinklers. Chemical fertilizers are being used on a large scale, to increase the farm yields.