Question

What are the three zones of pond ecosystem?
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Answer 1

Answer:

$Lentic waters are generally divided into three zones or sub-habitats: littoral, limnetic, and pro-fundal. A small pond may consist entirely of littoral zone.$

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Answer 2

Answer:

What is the ecosystem of a pond?

A pond or lake ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions. Pond and lake ecosystems are a prime example of lentic ecosystems. Lentic refers to stationary or relatively still water, from the Latin lentus, which means sluggish.

The three zones of pond ecosystem.

(a) Littoral zone:

The littoral zone adjoins the shore (and is thus the home of rooted plants) and extends down to a point called the light compensation level, or the depth at which the rate of photosynthesis equals the rate of respiration. Within the littoral zone producers are of two main types: rooted or benthic plants, and phytoplankton (plant plankton) or floating green plants, which are mostly algae.

(b) Limnetic Zone:

The limnetic zone includes all the waters beyond the littoral zone and down to the light compensation level. The limnetic zone derives its oxygen content from the photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton and from the atmosphere immediately over the lake’s surface. The atmospheric source of oxygen becomes significant primarily when there is some surface disturbance of water caused by wind action or human activity. The community of the limnetic zone is composed only of plankton, nekton, and sometimes neuston (organisms resting or swimming on the surface).

(C) Profundal Zone:

The bottom and deep water area of a lake, which is beyond the depth of effective light penetration is called the pro-fundal zone. In north-temperate latitudes, where winters are long and severe, this zone has the warmest water (4°C) in the lake in winter and coldest water in summer.

The major community consists of bacteria and fungi and three groups of animal consumers:

(a) Blood worms, or haemoglobin containing chironomid larvae and annelids,

(b) Small clams, and

(c) Phantom larvae, or Chaoborus (corethra).

The first two groups are benthic forms, the last are plankton that regularly move up into the limnetic zone at night and down to the bottom during the day. All the animals of the pro-fundal zone are adapted to withstand periods of low oxygen concentration, whereas many bacteria are anaerobic. Large numbers of bacteria in the bottom ooze constantly bring about decomposition of the organic matter (plant debris, animal remains, and excreta) that accumulates on the bottom.

Eventually the organic sediments are mineralized and nitrogen and phosphorus are put back into circulation in the form of soluble salts. In this way, the pro-fundal zone provides rejuvenated nutrients, which are carried by currents and swimming animals to other zones.

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