what are the twenty rules of subject verb and concord??
Answers
A subject made up of nouns joined by and takes a plural subject, unless that subject’s intended sense is singular.
She and I run every day.
Peanut butter and jelly is my favorite sandwich. (intended sense of singular)
When a subject is made up of nouns joined by or, the verb agrees with the last noun.
She or I run every day.
Potatoes, pasta, or rice goes well with grilled chicken. (last noun: rice)
Collective nouns (team, couple, staff, etc.) take a singular verb.
The football team is practicing night and day for the Super Bowl.
Boston’s school committee disagrees about what to cut from the school budget.
Connectives, phrases such as combined with, coupled with, accompanied by, added to, along with, together with, and as well as, do not change the number of the subject. These phrases are usually set off with commas.
Oil, as well as gas, is a popular heating choice.
Peanut butter combined with bread and jelly is a tasty snack.
(Here, the peanut butter, bread, and jelly are one unit, a sandwich, so no commas are needed and we keep the singular verb.)
Collecting noun phrases (a bunch of, a group of, a set of, etc.) take a singular verb.
A set of 12 dishes is all you need for the dinner party.
“Each” takes a singular verb.
Each boy is excited about the meet; each is well prepared.
“None” takes a singular verb if what it refers to is singular and a plural verb if its referent is plural.
None of the book is reproducible without permission.
None of the peas are left on Sean’s plate. (“peas” is the referent and is plural)
With fractions, the verb agrees with the whole.
One-fourth of the books are gone. (“books” is a plural noun)
One-fourth of the sand is white. (“sand” is a singular noun)
With money, if the amount is specific, use a singular verb; if the amount is vague, use a plural verb.
Within a year, $5 million was spent on building a new factory, and millions more were spent on training future factory workers. (“$5 million” is a specific amount. Therefore the verb is singular.)
Funds are allocated each year to help medical research. (“Funds” is a vague term rather than a specific amount. Therefore, the verb is plural.)
The phrase “more than one” takes a singular verb.
More than one box is sitting in the hallway.
More than one car was involved in the race
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What Is Subject-Verb Agreement?
If you are interested in subject-verb agreement, you've come to the right place. However, before diving headfirst into the rules, it's good to have a little explanation. The subject and verb within a sentence need to agree with each other in number in order for a sentence to make sense.
For example, if you use the plural subject they, you would use the plural are in the sentence, "They are fun." Additionally, if you use the singular she, you would use the singular is in the sentence, "She is fun." It wouldn't make sense to say "They is fun" or "She are fun" because those subjects and verbs don't agree.
What Are the Rules of Subject-Verb Agreement?
It might seem like subject-verb agreement has many rules, but you'll quickly notice that one ties into the next. In the end, it'll all make sense. To help clarify the examples of each rule, the subjects are in bold and verbs are in italics.
Rule 1. Number Agreement
Subjects and verbs must agree in number. This is the cornerstone rule that forms the background of the concept. And, only the subject affects the verb! Nothing else matters.
The dog growls when he is angry.
The dogs growl when they are angry.
Rule 2. Words Between Subject and Verb
Subordinate clauses and prepositional phrases that come between the subject and verb don't affect their agreement.
The dog, who is chewing on my jeans, is usually very good.
The colors of the rainbow are beautiful.
Rule 3. There or Here
When sentences start with "there" or "here," the subject will always be placed after the verb. Some care needs to be taken to identify each part correctly.
There is a problem with the balance sheet.
Here are the papers you requested.
Rule 4. Subject After Verb in Questions
Subjects don't always come before verbs in questions. Make sure you accurately identify the subject before deciding on the proper verb form to use.
Rule 5. Joined by And
If two subjects are joined by "and," they typically require a plural verb form.
The cow and the pig are jumping over the moon.
Billy and Jake are going to the movies.
Rule 6. Two Subjects Separated by And
The verb is singular if the two subjects separated by "and" refer to the same person or thing as a whole.
Red beans and rice is my mom's favorite dish.
Spaghetti and meatballs is a great meal.
Rule 7. Each, Every and No
If the word "each," "every" or "no" comes before the subject, the verb is singular.
No smoking or drinking is allowed.
Every man and woman is required to check in.
Rule 8. Multiple Subjects Connected With Conjunction
If the subjects are both singular and are connected by the words "or," "nor," "neither/nor," "either/or," or "not only/but also," the verb is singular. If the subjects are both plural and are connected by the words "or," "nor," "neither/nor," "either/or," or "not only/but also," the verb is plural.
Either Jessica or Christian is to blame for the accident
Not only dogs but also cats are available at the animal shelter.
Rule 9. Singular and Plural Subjects Connected by Conjunction
If one subject is singular and the other is plural and the words are connected by the words "or," "nor," "neither/nor," "either/or," or "not only/but also," use the verb form of the subject that is nearest the verb.
Either the bears or the lion has escaped from the zoo.
Neither the lion nor the bears have escaped from the zoo.
Rule 10. Units of Measure
The singular verb form is usually reserved for units of measurement or time.
Four quarts of oil was required to get the car running.
Ten minutes is enough time to get there.
Rule 11. Object of the Preposition
The only time the object of the preposition decides plural or singular verb forms is when noun and pronoun subjects like "some," "half," "none," "more," or "all" are followed by a prepositional phrase. Then the object of the preposition determines the form of the verb.
All of the chicken is gone.
All of the chickens are gone.
Rule 12. Infinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns typically take singular verbs. The exceptions to the rule include the pronouns "few," "many," "several," and "both." These always take the plural form.
Everybody wants to be loved.
Few were left alive after the flood.
Rule 13. Gerunds
When gerunds are used as the subject of a sentence, they take the singular form of the verb. However, when they are linked by "and," they take the plural form.
Standing in the water was a bad idea.
Swimming in the ocean and playing drums are my hobbies.
Rule 14. Collective Nouns
A collective noun, such as "team" or "staff," can be either singular or plural depending upon the rest of the sentence. Typically, they take the singular form, as the collective noun is treated as a cohesive single unit.
The herd is stampeding.
The flock is flying south.
Rule 15. Titles of Books
Titles of books, movies, novels, and other similar works are treated as singular and take a singular verb.
The Burbs is a movie starring Tom Hanks.
Gone With the Wind is my favorite movie of all time.
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