Question

what are the two types of parencyma? give their function​

Answer 1

Answer:

The different regions of the plant body parenchyma cells are involved in different functions. On this basis, following types of parenchyma can be recognised.

• Chlorenchyma is the parenchyma in which the cells contain large number of chloroplasts. Chlorenchyma takes part in photosynthesis. It occurs in the leaves and other green parts of the plant body.

• Prosenchyma is a type of parenchyma where cells are elongated with tapering ends.

• Arenchyma is the parenchyma in which the cells enclose large intercellular spaces that are filled with air. Aerenchyma helps in buoyancy and respiration. It is characteristically found in aquatic floating plants.

• Vascular parenchyma is the parenchyma, which is found associated with the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. Accordingly, it is distinguished into xylem parenchyma and phloem parenchyma.

• Medullary parenchyma is the parenchyma, which is found radially arranged in between the vascular bundles in the stem. It is meant for storage of reserve food.

• Conjunctive parenchyma is the parenchyma, which occurs in the root system. It is specially meant for storage of water.

• Armed parenchyma is the parenchyma, which is found in the epidermis of leaves in some gymnosperms. The cells have many spiny projections. It is defensive in function.

Function of Parenchyma cells

Parenchyma cells form the ground tissue of plants. Parenchyma tissues perform various important functions:

• Storage: Parenchyma cells have large intercellular space which are ideal for storage

High amount of starch is present in the tubers of potato and cassava

These can store water, fats, oil droplets, and ergastic substances

Store water and act as water reservoir

• Transport: Parenchyma cells transport nutrients and other chemicals

Transfer cells have outgrowth for increasing absorption surface

The xylem parenchyma helps in radial transportation of water and minerals

Some cells transport light from surface to underground cells

• Photosynthesis: Chlorenchyma present in the mesophyll and the other green parts of the plant, have chloroplasts and perform photosynthesis

• Gas Exchange: Aerenchyma cells help in the gas exchange

• Protection: In gymnosperms, the parenchymatous cell have spiny projections that help in the protection from predators

• Totipotent: Parenchyma cells have an ability to transform to the other types of cells and act as a precursor for other types of cells

• Buoyancy: Aerenchyma present in aquatic plants have air sacs that helps in floating

• Cuticle present on epidermis helps in reducing transpiration in water stress condition

• Thick walled parenchyma cells provide mechanical strength to the plant

• Healing and regeneration: Parenchyma cells which retain their ability to divide even on maturity help in regeneration and wound healing. Tyloses present in the xylem parenchyma help in preventing damage to vascular tissues in the condition of draught

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Vascular Parenchyma: The parenchyma cells which are associated with vascular tissues. There are of two types of parenchyma :

1. Phloem Parenchyma: It is made up of elongated, tapering and cylindrical cells having dense cytoplasm.
2. Xylem Parenchyma: It is made up of thin walled cells.

Functions of pholem Parenchyma are :

• Transportation of foods.
• Phloem fibres are flexible long cells that make up the soft fibre.

Functions of xylem parenchyma include:

• Storage of food material in the form of starch, fats, tannins and crystals.
• Radial conduction of water takes place by the ray parenchymatous cell.