Question

What are the types of indicators ? Explain with egs.
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Answer 1

Answer:

An indicator prepared from natural substances is known as natural indicator. Examples are Litmus, Turmeric, China rose petals, snowball plant, Red Cabbage and Grape Juice… . An indicator prepared from artificial substances is known as synthetic indicator Examples are Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange.

Answer 2

Answer:

$\huge{\mathcal{\purple{A}\green{N}\pink{S}\blue{W}\purple{E}\green{R}\pink{!}}}!$

Input indicators

• These indicators refer to the resources needed for the implementation of an activity or intervention. Policies, human resources, materials, financial resources are examples of input indicators.

• Example: inputs to conduct a training course may include facilitators, training materials, funds.

Process and output indicators

• Process indicators refer to indicators to measure whether planned activities took place. Examples include holding of meetings, conduct of training courses, distribution of medicines, development and testing of health education materials.

• Output indicators add more details in relation to the product (“output”) of the activity, e.g. the number and categories of health providers trained in case management or communications skills, the number and type of radio spots produced and broadcast.

• Example: the output of a training course on case management may be the number of medical assistants trained and, consequently, the number or proportion of them with improved knowledge and skills in case management.

Outcome indicators

• Outcome indicators refer more specifically to the objectives of an intervention, that is its ‘results’, its outcome. These indicators refer to the reason why it was decided to conduct certain interventions in the first place. They are the result of both the “quantity” (“how many”) and quality (“how well”) of the activities implemented.

• Example: the outcome of a training of health providers in the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) should be improved management of sick children under 5 years old, e.g. the proportion of sick children correctly managed by the trained health providers.

Impact indicators

• Impact indicators refer to the health status of the target population: reduction in child mortality, reduction in child morbidity, improved child nutritional status.

• These indicators do not show progress over relatively short periods of time. It is then the logical flow of indicators described above which enables a more regular and frequent monitoring of changes.

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good night take care sweet dreams......!! and hope it will definitely help you!!