what are the types of industries on the basis of side ? explain
Answers
Answer:
On the basis of size, industries can be classified into four types.
(a) Large scale industries: Industrial units where capital investment is 10crores or more e.g., Tata Iron and Steel Co.
(b) Medium industries: Where capital investment is between 5 and 10 crores e.g., Leather industry.
(c) Small scale industries: Such industries in which capital investment is 2 to 5 crores e.g., lac industry.
(d) Cottage industries: Where capital investment is normal and which are run with the help of the family members. If such industries are located in a village they are called village or rural industries are located in a village they are called village or rural industries and if they are located in a town they are known as urban, cottage industry.
Answer:
Ans: Industries are broadly classification into three types (i.e. On the basis of Raw Materials, On the basis of Size and On the basis of Ownership).
1. On the basis of Raw Materials: These types of industries are classified depending on the type of raw materials they use.
(a) Agro Based Industries: Use plant and animal based products as their raw materials. E.g. Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products, etc.
(b) Mineral Based Industries: Primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. The products of these industries feed other industries. Iron made from iron ore is the product of mineral based industry. E.g. Iron & Steel,
Cement, Machine, Tools, etc. (c) Pastoral Based Industries: Use raw materials from animals like, Sheep, goat, etc. These industries use skin, bones, flesh, etc. E.g. Dairy product industries, Leather industries, etc.
(d) Marine Based Industries: Use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. E.g. processed sea food, fish oil manufacturers, etc. (e) Forest Based Industries: Use forest
produce as raw materials. E.g. pulp &
paper, furniture. Pharmaceuticals, etc.
2. On the basis of Size: These types of industries are classified depending on the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume of production.
(a) Large Scale Industries: In India, on an industry, if the capital invested is more than 1 crore, then it is called Large Scale Industry. E.g. Iron & Steel Industries, Automobile Industries, etc.
(b) Small Scale Industries: In India, on an industry, if the capital invested is less than 1 crore, then it is called Small Scale Industry. E.g. Silk weaving, Food processing industries, etc.
(c) Cottage or Household Industries: These are a type of small scale industry where the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans with the help of family members. E.g. Basket weaving, pottery, handicrafts, etc.
3. On the basis of Ownership: These types of industries are classified on the basis of ownership.
(a) Private Sector Industries: Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. E.g. Bajaj Auto, Reliance, etc. (b) Public Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the government. E.g. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Heavy Electronics Ltd. (BHEL), SAIL, etc.
(c) Joint Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. E.g. Indian Oil, Maruti Udyog Ltd., etc.
(d) Co-operative Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. E.g. IFFCO, Anand Milk Union Limited (AMUL) and Sudha Dairy, etc.
(e) Multinational Corporations: Setup in collaboration with foreign investors. Owned and managed by members of two or more countries. E.g. Coca Cola, Maruti Udyog Ltd., etc.